£*rice,  lO  Cents. 


THE 


CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 


OF  THh. 


HAUGUBATIOK  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


As  First  President  of  the  United  States, 


MONDAY,    TUESDAY    AND  WEDNESDAY, 


April  29tl\,  30tt\,  and  May  1st,  1889. 


OFFICIAL  PROGRAMME 


WITH    HIST0RfGAL  SKETCHES 


BY 

CLARENCE    WINTHROP  BOWEN, 
SECRETARY  OF  THE  COMMITTEE,  m 


Price,   lO  Cents. 
THE 

CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION 

OF"  THE 

IpGUipon  of  Geop  Washington 

As  First  President  of  the  United  States, 

MONDAY,    TUESDAY    AND  WEDNESDAY 

April  29tl\,  30tl\,  and  May  1st,  1889. 

OFFICIAL  PEOGEAMME 

WITH    HIST0RI6AL  SKETCHES 

BY 

CLARENCE    WINTHROP  BOWEN, 

SECRETARY  OF  THE  COMMITTEE. 

Copyrighted  1889  by  the  Con\ir\ittee  on  th.e  Cer\ter\nial  of  Washington's  Inauguration. 


i 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

Paye 

THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  AS  PRESIDENT  OP  THE  UNITED 

STATES   1 

THE  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  GEORGE  WASHINGTON   13 

THE  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION   15 

THE  CELEBRATION  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON'S 

INAUGURATION  ;   17 

SUB-COMMITTEES   29 

GENERAL  COMMITTEE   30 

SPECIAL  COMMITTEES   31 

COMMISSIONERS   32 

PROGRAMME   34 


I 


THE    INAUGURATION   OF  GEORGE   WASHINGTON  AS 
.     PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Condensed  by  the  author  from  the  initial  article  in  the  illustrated  series 
on  the  Inauguration  Centennial  in  the  Century  Magazine  for  April. 


The  Convention  that  formed  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  adjourned  in  Philadelphia  on  the  17th 
of  September,  1787.  Three  days  later  a  draft  of 
the  Constitution  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  with  the  request  that  it  should  be  sub- 
mitted for  ratification  to  the  several  states,  and  that  when 
Congress  had  received  the  approval  of  nine  states  a  day 
should  be  named  on  which  Presidential  electors  should 
be  chosen  by  Ihe  States,  and  a  day  when  the  electors 
should  meet  to  vote  for  President.  But  the  formation  of 
the  Constitution  was  not  the  final  act  in  the  struggle  for 
independence  and  constitutional  government.  A  contest, 
at  times  bitter  and  uncompromising,  must  be  fought  out 
before  the  Constitution  could  be  adopted,  and  the  first 
President  of  the  United  States  inaugurated. 

The  battle  at  once  began  in  Congress  with  Richard 
Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  Nathan  Dane,  of  Massachusetts, 
and  the  delegation  from  New  York  opposed  to  ratification. 
But  after  a  discussion  of  eight  days  Congress  voted  to 
submit  the  Constitution  to  the  States.  The  people  were 
now  divided  into  Federalists  and  Anti-Federalists,  accord- 
ing to  their  approval  or  disapproval  of  the  Constitution. 
In  December,  1787,  Delaware,  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey  adopted  the  Constitution,  and  Georgia  and  Con- 
necticut followed  the  next  month.  The  Anti-Federalists 
in  Massachusetts  were  most  numerous.  In  the  State 
Convention,  presided  over  by  Governor  Hancock,  sat 
Samuel  Adams,  of  town-meeting  fame,  and  the  three  rep- 
resentatives of  Massachusetts  at  the  late  Convention  in 
Philadelphia:  Nathaniel  Gorham,  Rufus  King  and  Caleb 
Strong.  But  by  a  vote  of  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven 
to  one  hundred  and  sixty-eight,  Massachusetts  adopted 
the  Constitution  with  the  suggestion  that  certain  amend- 
ments be  added.  Henceforth  the  na.ue  Federal  Street  was 
given  to  Long  Lane,  where  stood  the  meeiing-hcuse  in 
Boston  occupied  by  the  Convention.  The  seventh  and 
eighth  states  to  enter  the  Union  under  the  Constitution 
were  Maryland  and  South  Carolina,  and  the  glory  of  being 
the  ninth  belongs  to  New  Hampshire.*  But  jubilant  as 
were  the  Federalists,  it  seemed  impossible  to  form  the  new 
government  without  the  aid  of  the  great  States  cf  Virginia 
and  New  York.    When  the  State  Convention  met  in  the 

*  "The  Critical  Period  of  American  History,"  by  John  Fiske,  Chap.  vii. 


"  Old  Dominion,"  Patrick  Henry  stood  at  the  head  cf  the 
opposition.  He  preferred  a  confederacy  of  states  to  a 
monarchy  toward  which  he  thought  the  new  Government 
would  lean.  He  "  saw*  poison"  under  the  wings  of  the 
Constitution.  He  was  supported  in  his  opposition  by 
James  Monroe,  afterward  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  by  John  Tyler,  the  father  of  one,  and  Benjamin  Har- 
rison, the  ancestor  of  two  Presidents  of  the  United  States. 
But  the  following  of  James  Madison,  John  Marshall  and 
Edmund  Pendleton  was  too  strong  to  be  overcome,  and 
Virginia  ratified  the  Constitution  by  a  vote  of  eighty-nine 
to  seventy-nine.  All  eyes  were  now  turned  toward  New 
York.  The  bitterest  opponent  of  the  Constitution  was 
George  Clinton,  the  powerful  Governor,  and  when  the 
State  Convention  met  at  Poughkeepsie  his  supporters  were 
largely  in  the  majority  and  they  were  determined  to  move 
heaven  and  earth  to  keep  New  York  out  of  the  new  gov- 
ernment; but  mere  members  were  nothing  against  the  de- 
voted patriotism  of  John  Jay  and  the  matchless  genius  of 
Alexander  Hamilton.  Moreover,  the  great  Federal  dem- 
onstration in  New  York  City  on  the  23d  of  July,  1788, 
had  much  to  do  with  the  adoption,  three  days  later, 
at  Poughkeepsie,  of  the  Constitution  by  the  State  of  New 
York.t  New  York  was  brought  into  the  Union  by  so  close 
a  vote  as  thirty  to  twenty-seven.  Next  to  Washington, 
belonged  to  Madison,  Jay  and  Hamilton,  the  authors  of 
the  Federalist,  the  victory  of  Federalism  over  Anti-Fed- 
eralisin. 

Meanwhile,  the  requisite  number  of  states  having 
adopted  the  Constitution,  Congress  reported  an  act  for 
putting  the  new  government  into  operation. J  It  was 
decided  that  the  Presidential  electors  should  be  chosen 
on  the  first  Wednesday  in  January,  of  1789,  that  the  elec- 
tors should  choose  a  President  on  the  first  Wednesday  in 
February  and  that  the  two  Houses  of  Congress  should 
assemble  in  New  York,  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  March. 
The  last  days  of  the  old  Congress  were  now  numbered. 


*  Cook's  "Virginia"  (American  Commonwealth  series),  pp.  475, 476. 

h "  History  of  the  Soci  ty  of  the  Cincinnati  in  New  York  State,"  by 
John  Schuyler,  p.  274. 

tSept.  13th,  17SS,  "  History  of  the  Life  anil  Times  of  James  MaJi- 
son,"  by  Wm.  C.  Rives,  Vol.  II,  pp.  633-«37. 


2 


THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


It  had  been  kept  barely  alive  during  the  winter  cf  1788- 
89 — sometimes  less  than  half  a  dozen  members  being  in 
the  city.*  In  fact,  the  last  real  meeting  had  taken  place 
October  10th,  1788.f  It  was,  indeed,  a  Rump  Congress. 
After  the  1st  of  January  there  was  never  a  quorum 
present.  From  a  letter!  written  from  New  York,  on  the 
2d  of  March,  by  the  Postmaster  General  Ebenezer 
Hazard,  to  the  "Honorable  Major-General  Gates  at 
Traveler's  Rest,"  §  are  taken  these  words  : 

"There  lias  been  no  Congress  since  the  commencement  of 
the  praBcnt  federal  year  ;  but  it  is  expected  that  a  sufficient  num- 
ber to  form  an  House  will  meet  to-day.  As  the  new  Constitution 
will  take  place  on  Wednesday  they  will  have  but  two  days  to  sit." 

There 'was  certainly  one  man  ready  to  sit  in  the  old 
Congress  on  Monday  and  Tuesday,  the  2d  and  3d 
of  March.  His  name  was  John  Gardiner,  of  Rhode 
Island,  a  State  which,  with  North  Carolina,  refused  to 
ratify  the  Constitution.  On  Wednesday,  March  4th, 
Gardiner  "found  himself  (he  only  living  member  of  a 
departed  body  and  returned  to  Newport,  a  delegate  to  a 
power  that  was  no  longer  known."  ||  Yet  the  old  Con- 
gress died  hard.  Fisher  Ames,  sitting  in  the  new  Con- 
gress, did  not  know  "  whether  the  old  government  was 
dead  or  the  new  one  alive.  God  deliver  us  speedily,"  he 
wrote, %  "from  this  puzzling  state,  or  prepare  my  will,  if  it 
subsists  much  longer,  for  I  am  in  a  fever  to  think  of  it." 
But  the  "know  ye"  aud  "paper  money  gentry"  of  in- 
fatuated Rhode  Island  continued  to  worship  the  ghost  of 
Anti-Federalism  by  choosing  delegates  to  the  old  Congress 
as  late  as  May  of  '89.**  "  The  analogy  between  the  fate  of 
the  eld  Continental  money,"  said  a  newspaper  corre- 
spondent of  the  day.tf  "  and  that  cf  the  old  Congress  who 
made  it,  is  striking.  The  former  began  and  completed 
the  Revolution,  so  did  the  latter;  and  if  the  forgicr  some- 
what depreciated,  did  not  the  latter  also  ?  As  the  former 
had  no  funds  or  internal  strength  in  its  Constitution  to 
support  itself  in  a  day  of  trial,  so  the  bane  of  the  latter 
was  of  a  similar  nature.  The  former  lived  to  see  itself 
neglected  by  those  it  had  served,  so  did  the  latter.  Alike 
in  their  lives  they  were  not  dissimilar  in  their  deaths. 
As  the  former  had  a  calm  and  easy  exit,  so  the  latter  ex- 

*  Griswold's  "  Republican  Court,"  p.  113. 

fNarrative  and  Critical  History  of  America,'"  edited  l>y  Justin 
Winsor,  Vol.  VII,  p.  2GT. 

X  Original  owne  J  by  Dr.  Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  of  New  York. 

5  The  country  seat  of  General  Gates,  in  Berkeley  County,  Virginia. 
His  New  York  residence  was  "  Kose  Hill,"  about  East  Twentieth 
Street  and  East  River— the  name  of  the  upper  of  the  three  Stuyvesant 
farms.  Before  the  Revolution  the  farm  passed  to  the  de  Lanreys, 
while  the  head  of  that  family  was  Chief-Justice.  A  church  in  East 
Twenty-eighth  Street  is  to-day  called  "The  Rose  Hill  Methodist 
Church.-' 

11  Herald  of  Freedom,  Feb.  10th  and  March  17th,  17s9,  and  Massachu- 
setts Spy,  March  19th,  1789. 

T  Letter  of  March  25th,  1739,  to  George  Richard  Blinot,  of  Boston. 

Herald  of  Freedom,  May  12th,  17S9. 
tt  New  Jersty  Journal  ami  Political  Intelligencer,  April  22d,  17S9. 


pired  without  a  groan;  and  as  the  latter  died  wilhout 
hope  of  resuscitation,  so  may  the  old  Continental  be  s?t 
down  among  lost  cases." 

At  sunset  on  the  evening  of  March  3d  the  old  Confed- 
eration  was  fired  out  by  thirteen  guns  from  the  Fort  op- 
posite Bowling  Green  in  New  York,  and  on  Wednesday, 
the  fourth,  the  new  era  was  ushered  in  by  the  firing  of 
eleven  guns  in  honor  of  the  eleven  States  that  had  adopted 
the  Constitution.*  The  States  of  Rhode  Island  and  North 
Carolina  were  now  severed  from  the  American  Union, 
and  were  as  independent  of  eacli  other  as  England  and 
France.  "All  sea  captains,"  said  a  Providence  newspa- 
per,! "belonging  to  this  State  will  sail  under  the  sole  pro- 
tection of  the  State  of  Rhode  Island,  having  no  claim  to 
the  flag  of  the  United  States;  for  the  eleven  confederated 
States  are,  in  fact,  the  United  States."! 

Not  only  were  guns  fired  and  bells  rung  on  the  morn- 
ing of  March  4th,  but  at  noon  and  at  sunset  eleven  more 
guns  were  fired  and  the  bells  were  rung  for  an  hour.§ 
The  citizens  of  New  York  were  happy.  The  new  Consti- 
tution was  considered  a  "sheet  anchor  of  commerce  and 
prop  of  Freedom  ";||  and  it  was  thought  "  Congress  would 
again  thrive,  the  farmer  meet  immediately  a  ready  market 
for  his  produce,  manufacturers  flourish,  and  peace  and 
prosperity  adorn  our  land.  "If  "  After  a  long  night  of  po- 
litical apprehension"  was  at  length  seen  "the  dawn  of 
national  happiness."** 

But  where  was  the  expected  quorum?  Only  eight  Sen- 
ators and  thirteen  Representatives  put  in  an  appearance  at 
twelve  o'clock,  the  hour  of  meeting.  The  Senators  from 
New  Hampshire  were  John  Langdon  and  Paine  Wingate. 
Langdon  was  fifty  years  old,  and  was  made  President  of 
the  Senate  ft  till  the  arrival  of  John  Adams.  He  had  been 
a  member  of  the  Continental  Congress  and  of  Unconsti- 
tutional Convention  and  a  Governor  cf  New  Hampshire. 
A  Revolutionary  patriot,  he  had  pledged  his  plate  and  the 
proceeds  of  seventy  hogsheads  cf  tobacco  to  render  possi- 
ble General  Stark's  victory  at  Bennington.  Paine  Win- 
gate  was  fifty,  a  graduate  of  Harvard,  a  Congregational 
minister,  and  a  member  of  the  old  Congress.    His  letters 

*  MasiichuiMs  Cent'.n?l,  March  14th;  also.  Maryland  Journal  aud 
Baltimore  Advertiser,  March  13th,  1789. 

t  The  United  States  Chron.cle,  March  3th,  1789. 

X  "  At  the  first  Convention  in  North  Carolina  the  Constitution  was 
not  ratified;  but  at  a  second  Convention,  held  in  November,  17s9,  it 
was  adopted  by  a  majority  of  more  than  two  to  one,  the  vote  being  193 
in  the  affirmative  and  75  in  the  negative.  The  Legislature  of  Rhode 
Island,  during  the  session  ia  September,  had  sent  an  address  to  '  The 
President,  the  Senate  aud  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Eleven 
I  nited  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled,' in  which  were  con- 
tained  explanations  of  the  coaise  pursued  by  that  State  in  not  adopt- 
ing the  Constitution."— Sparks's  "  Washington,''  Vol.  X,  p.  67. 

5  Massachusetts  Centinel,  March  14th,  17S9, 

t  Xew  York  Packet,  March  Gth,  17S9. 

^  Daiiy  Advertiser,  March  5th,  1739. 

*'  Columbian  Magazine,  May,  1789. 

tt  He  "presided  with  great  dignity  and  propriety."— Salem  .Mercury, 
April  14th. 


AS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


3 


from  New  York  to  his  brother-in-law,  Timothy  Pickering, 
show  him  to  be  a  patriotic  statesman.  He  survived  all  of 
the  United  States  Senators  of  1783.  Langdon  left  Ports- 
mouth on  the  sixteenth  of  February,  and  after  being  es- 
corted out  of  town  several  miles,  where  a  collation  was 
served,  he  proceeded  on  his  journey  to  New  York.  Four 
days  later  he  and  Wingate  passed  through  Worcester. 

The  only  Senator  from  Massachusetts  present  at  the 
opening  of  Congress  was  Caleb  Strong,  forty-four  years 
old,  graduate  of  Harvard  College,  lawyer,  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  during  the  Revolution,  mem- 
ber of  the  great  Convention  of  1787,  afterward  eight 
years  United  States  Senator  and  ten  years  Governor  of  the 
eld  Commonwealth.  "When  ha  left  his  home  at  Northamp- 
ton to  go  to  New  York  his  neighbors  appeared  before  his 
door  at  sunrise  and  escorted  him  in  sleighs  to  Springfield. 
Tristram  Dalton,  the  other  Senator  from  Massachusetts, 
was  also  a  Harvard  graduate,  fifty-one  years  of  age,  and 
a  lawyer.  He  was  prevented  by  illness  from  leaving 
home  until  early  in  April  of  1789.  He  represented  Massa- 
chusetts in  the  Senate  nearly  two  years,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded in  1791  by  George  Cabot. 

Connecticut's  two  Senators,  William  Samuel  Johnson 
and  Oliver  Ellsworth,  were  both  present  at  the  opening  of 
Congress.  Johnson  was  sixty-one,  a  graduate  of  Yale  and 
a  brilliant  scholur,  lawyer  and  orator.  As  a  representa- 
tive cf  Connecticut  in  the  Convention  of  the  Colonies  in 
New  York  in  1765,  he  wrote  most  of  the  Remonstrance 
agaiuc-t  the  Parliament  of  Great  Britain.  In  170G  he  rep- 
resented Connecticut  in  England,  wdiere  he  received  from 
the  University  of  Oxford  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
While  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  Phil- 
adelphia he  first  proposed  the  organization  of  the  Senate 
as  a  distinct  body.  While  Senator  of  the  United  States  he 
held  the  position  of  President  of  Columbia  College  and 
presided  at  the  annual  Commencement  of  the  college  in 
St.  Paul's  Church,  a  week  after  the  inauguration  of  Wash- 
ington. Oliver  Ellsworth,  a  student  at  Yale  and  a  gradu- 
ate of  Princeton,  a  lawyer  of  forty-three,  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress,  one  of  the  framers  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, and  later  Chief-Justice  of  the  United  States,  was  a 
gentleman  remarkable  for  his  intellectual  gifts  and  abso- 
lute purity  of  character.  John  Adams  called  him  the 
firmest  pillar  of  Washington's  whole  Administration.  He 
organized  the  judiciary  of  the  United  States. 

The  sixth  Senator  present  was  Robert  Morris,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, fifty-six  years  old,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration,  a 
framer  of  the  Constitution.  During  the  Revolution  and 
the  years  immediately  succeeding  it  his  services  in  render- 
ing financial  aid  to  the  Government  were  invaluable.  "  I 
want  money,"  said  Morris  during  the  war  to  a  Quaker 
friend,  "for  the  use  of  the  army."  "What  security  can 
thee  give?"  asked  the  lender.  "  My  note  and  my  honor," 
responded  Morris.    "  Robert,  thee  shall  have  it,"  was  the 


prompt  reply.  Morris's  colleague  in  the  Senate  was 
William  Maclay.  He  was  fifty-two,  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania, and  had  married  a  daughter  of  John  Harris,  the 
founder  of  Harrisburg.  He  was  a  lawyer  and  held  various 
offices  of  trust  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  But  he  is 
best  known  for  his  "  Sketches  of  Debate,"  one  of  the  few 
books  that  give  an  insight  into  the  character  of  the  Con- 
gress of  1789. 

The  only  Southern  State  represented  in  the  Senate  at 
the  opening  of  Congress  was  Georgia,  in  the  person  of 
William  Few,  a  man  of  forty-one,  a  Revolutionary  officer, 
a  delegates  to  the  Continental  Congress,  and  a  member  of 
the  Federal  Convention. 

Of  the  thirteen  members  of  the  House  present,  the 
delegates  from  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  were  the 
most  distinguished:  George  Thacher,  Fisher  Ames,  George 
Leonard,  Elbridge  Gerry,  Benjamin  Huntington,  Jonathan 
Trumbull,  and  Jeremiah  Wadsworth.  George  Thacher, 
a  Harvard  man  of  thirty-five,  had  been  a  member  of  the 
old  Congress.  Fisher  Ames  entered  Harvard  College 
when  twelve  years  old  and  the  first  Congress  under  the 
Constitution  at  thirty-one.  He  was  the  brilliant  orator 
and  leader  in  debate.  George  Leonard  graduated  from 
Harvard  and  was  sixty  years  old.  Elbridge  Gerry,  a 
Harvard  graduate  of  forty-five,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence,  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, later  an  Ambassador  to  France,  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  Vice-President  of  the  U/nited  States,  was 
listened  to  with  the  utmost  confidence  in  the  Congress  of 
1789,  when  he  spoke  on  the  great  financial  questions  of 
the  day.  Benjamin  Huntington  was  a  Yale  man  of  fifty- 
three  and  a  member  of  the  old  Congress.  Jeremiah 
Wadsworth  had  also  been  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress.  Jonathan  Trumbull  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College,  was  forty-nine  years  old,  had  a  good  record  in 
the  Revolution,  was  the  son  of  the  old  war  governor, 
"  Brother  Jonathan,"  and  became  Speaker  of  the  House, 
United  States  Senator,  and  Governor  of  his  native  State. 
Of  Pennsylvania's  four  representatives  present  Frederick 
Augustus  Muhlenberg,  president  of  the  State  Convention 
of  Pennsylvania  which  ratified  the  Constitution,  was 
thirty-nine  and  was  soon  to  be  elected  the  first  Speaker. 
His  brother,  Peter  Muhlenberg,  was  forty-three,  was  or- 
dained in  England  by  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  Revolution  was  a  major-general.  Thomas 
Hartley,  of  Pennsylvania,  a  colonel  in  the  Revolution 
and  a  lawyer;  Daniel  Hiester,  also  of  Pennsylvania:  Alex- 
ander White,  of  Virginia,  a  member  of  the  Continental 
Congress ;  and  Thomas  Tudor  Tucker  of  South  Carolina, 
likewise  a  delegate  of  the  old  Congress,  completed  the 
list  of  representatives  in  their  seats  at  the  opening  of 
Congress. 

The  Senate  waited  from  day  to  day  for  more  members 
to  appear,  and  on  the  11th  of  March  addressed  a  circular 


4 


THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


letter  to  the  absentees,  urging  their  immediate  presence  in 
New  York.  A  similar  summons  was  sent  out  a  week 
later.  The  first  Senator  to  respond  was  William  Paterson. 
of  New  Jersey,  forty-four  years  old,  a  graduate  of  Prince- 
ton College,  a  lawyer,  a  governor  of  his  state  for  three 
years,  and  afterward  for  thirteen  years  one  of  the  asso- 
ciate justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 
In  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  Philadelphia  he  was 
the  author  of  the  New  Jersey  plan  for  the  preservation  of 
the  sovereignty  of  the  States  in  the  new  Government. 
On  the  21st  of  March,  or  two  days  after  Paterson's  arrival, 
Richard  Bassett,  of  Delaware,  took  his  seat  in  the  Senate. 
A  member  of  the  Continental  Congress,  of  the  Annapolis 
Convention,  of  the  Constitutional  Convention,  he  after- 
ward became  Chief-Justice  t>t  the  Common  Pleas  and 
Governor  of  his  native  state.  He  was  the  great-grand- 
father of  Thomas  F.  Bayard.  Jonathan  Elmer,  of  New 
Jersey,  forty-four  years  old,  and  an  eminent  physician, 
was  prevented  by  illness  from  taking  his  seat  in  the 
Senate  until  the  28th  of  March.  Before  leaving  home  a 
banquet  was  given  him  by  the  gentlemen  of  his  county. 

Though  Richard  Henry  Lee,  of  Virginia,  left  Baltimore 
March  2d  he  did  not  arrive  in  New  York  until  Sunday, 
April  5th,  so  difficult  was  the  traveling.  In  fact,  the  great 
quantity  of  ice  in  the  rivers  to  the  southward  of  New 
York  made  the  passage  of  boats  across  them  dangerous, 
and  was  one  of  the  reasons  for  the  tardiness  of  gentlemen 
from  the  South.  Indeed,  a  Congressman  was  obliged  to 
go  nearly  a  hundred  miles  up  one  of  the  rivers  before  he 
could  cross  on  the  ice.  Lee's  arrival  in  Congress  was 
notable  for  two  things  :  because  he  was  the  twelfth  Sen- 
ator— enough  to  make  a  quorum — and  because  he  was  a 
man  of  the  greatest  distinction.  He  was  fifty-seven  years 
old.  He  received  a  classical  education  in  England.  As  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  he  mafle  a  brilliant 
speech  opposing  the  institution  of  slavery.  He  became 
famous  in  1766,  under  the  leadership  of  Patrick  Henry. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Congress  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1774.  In  1775,  as  chairman  of  the  committee, 
he  drew  up  the  commission  and  instructions  to  George 
Washington  as  Commander-in-Chief.  In  1776  he  moved 
the  great  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  afterward 
signed  the  Articles  of  Confederation.  He  was  president 
of  one  of  the  Continental  Congresses  and  served  on  all  the 
important  committees  in  most  of  the  other  Congresses 
under  the  Confederation.  He  was  not  a  member  of  the 
Convention  in  Philadelphia  in  1787,  and  he  was  opposed 
to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  because  he 
thought  it  would  destroy  the  independence  of  the  states. 
But  it  was  a  noble  patriotism  that  inspired  him  to  accept 
the  position  of  Senator,  and  he  introduced  certain  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  that  seemed  to  remove  much  of 
the  threatened  danger. 

Meanwhile  the  House  of  Representatives  had  likewise 


formed  a  quorum.  Of  the  59  members  17  were  needed1 
besides  the  13  present  on  the  first  day  to  make  the  required 
quorum  of  30.    Let  us  look  at  these  seventeen. 

On  the  day  after  the  opening  Nicholas  Gilman,  pf  New 
Hampshire,  Benjamin  Goodhue,  of  Massachusetts,  Roger 
Sherman  and  Jonathan  Sturges,  of  Connecticut,  and 
Henry  Wynkoop,  of  Pennsylvania,  made  their  appearance. 
Gilraan  had  been  in  the  old  Congress  the  two  previous 
years  and  was  only  twenty-seven — the  youngest  member 
present.  Goodhue,  a  Harvard  man  of  forty-one,  repre- 
sented the  Essex  District,  and  was  afterward  United 
States  Senator.  Roger  Sherman,  of  New  Haven,  began 
life  as  a  shoemaker,  and  was  sixty-eight  years  old.  He 
was  the  only  man  who  had  signed  the  four  great  state 
papers  of  his  day— the  Articles  of  Association  of  the  Con- 
gress of  1774,  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Arti- 
cles of  Confederation,  and  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Wynkoop  and  Sturges,  the  latter  a  Yale  man  of 
forty-nine,  had  both  been  in  the  old  Congress. 

On  Saturday,  March  14th,  "three  Virginians — James 
Madison,  John  Page  and  Richard  Bland  Lee — took  their 
seats  in  the  House.  The  most  notable  of  them  all — in 
fact,  the  leader  of  the  House — was  James  Madison,  a 
Princeton  graduate  of  thirty-eight.  The  services  he  ren- 
dered in  the  formation  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States  can  never  be  forgotten.  Patrick  Henry  had  kept 
him  out  of  the  Senate,  but  he  was  of  more  value  to  the 
country  where  he  now  was.  A  week  after  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  House  he  introduced  a  resolution  regarding 
the  revenue,  in  order  to  rescue  "  the  trade  of  the  country 
in  some  degree,"  he  said,  "from  its  present  anarchy." 

Following  Madison  came  straggling  into  the  House 
through  the  remainder  of  the  month  other  members  in 
the  following  order :  Andrew  Moore,  of  Virginia;  Elias 
Boudinot,  of  New  Jersey;  William  Smith,  of  Maryland: 
Josiah  Parker,  of  Virginia;  George  Gale,  of  Maryland;  The- 
odoric  Bland,  of  Virginia;  James  Schureman,  of  New  Jer- 
sey, and  Thomas  Scott  of  Pennsylvania.  The  most  dis- 
tinguished of  them  all  was  Elias  Boudinot,  forty-nine 
years  old,  Commissary-General  of  the  prisoners  during 
the  Revolution,  one  of  the  presidents  of  the  old  Congress, 
and  widely  known  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  cen- 
tury as  a  philanthropist  and  the  President  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bible  Society. 

On  Wednesday,  the  1st  of  April,  the  House  of  Repre- 
rcsentatives  formed  a  quorum  and  immediately  proceeded 
to  the  transaction  of  business,  the  most  important  of 
which  was  the  counting  of  electoral  votes  for  President 
and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States.*  George  Wash- 
ington of  Virginia  was  the  unanimous  choice  for  Presi- 
dent, having  received  sixty-nine,  or  the  total  number  of 
votes  cast.  The  next  highest  number,  or  thirty-four 
votes,  were  cast  for  John  Adams  of  Massachusetts,  and 
•  April  cth. 


AS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


5 


he  was  declared  elected  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States. 

On  Tuesday  afternoon,  April  7th — the  day  after  the 
counting  of  the  votes — Sylvanus  Bourne  "set  out  in  a 
packet-boat,  with  a  fair  wind  and  a  brisk  gale,  for  Bos- 
ton," bearing  official  notification  of  election  to  John 
Adams  and  letters  and  dispatches  to  gentlemen  and  news- 
papers in  Massachusetts.  Late  Wednesday  evening  the 
packet,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Fairbanks,  ar- 
rived at  Warwick  Neck,  in  Rhode  Island ;  and  by  travel- 
ing overland  the  rest  of  the  journey  Sylvanus  Bourne  was 
able  to  reach  Braintree  at  six  o'clock  on  Thursday  even- 
ing, making  the  journey  from  New  York  in  fifty  hours — 
express  time  indeed  one  hundred  years  ago.  The  follow- 
ing Monday  morning,  at  ten  o'clock,  Mr.  Adams  started 
for  New  York,  not  forgetting  to  take  with  him  an  elegant 
suit  of  broadcloth,  manufactured  in  Hartford,  in  which  to 
make  his  appearance  as  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States.  A  troop  of  horse  came  out  from  Boston  to  serve 
as  an  escort,  and  in  returning  through  Dorchester  with 
Mr.  Adams  the  party  was  saluted  with  a  "Federal  dis- 
charge" of  artillery.  On  the  arrival  of  the  procession  at 
the  fortification  gates  of  Boston  the  bells  began  to  ring, 
and  a  large  body  of  gentlemen  on  horseback  met  Mr. 
Adams  and  accompanied  him  to  the  residence  of  Gov- 
ernor Hancock,  where  a  collation  was  served.  Here 
there  was  another  discharge  of  artillery,  and  the  citizens 
"with  loud  huzzas"  testified  their  appreciation  of  "the 
great  republican  virtues"  of  John  Adams.  At  half-past 
one  the  Vice-President  entered  his  carriage  and  continued 
his  journey  under  military  escort.  The  procession  was 
indeed  imposing,  and  included  an  advanced  corps  of  uni- 
formed horse,  a  hundred  and  fifty  gentlemen  on  horse- 
back, the  Middlesex  Horse,  the  Roxbury  Blues,  forty  car- 
riages containing  the  Governor,  the  French  and  Dutch 
consuls,  the  President  of  Harvard  College,  and  other  gen- 
tlemen of  distinction.  At  Charlestown  he  was  welcomed 
with  another  "Federal  discharge"  of  cannon,  and  in 
passing  through  Cambridge,  Watertown,  Sudbury  and 
other  towns  he  received  proofs  of  the  highest  considera- 
tion. Though  a  part  of  the  procession  that  started  at 
Boston  dropped  off  at  Cambridge,  and  other  parts  at 
points  beyond,  the  military  escort,  with  frequent  changes, 
accompanied  Mr.  Adams,  under  orders  of  the  Governor, 
through  the  Counties  of  Middlesex  and  Worcester.  The 
next  day,  Tuesday,  April  14th,  Mr.  Adams  passed  through 
Worcester,  where  he  received  the  customary  salute  of 
eleven  guns  and  dined  at  the  United  States  Arms.  On 
Wednesday  he  left  Springfield  behind  him.  and  on  Thurs- 
day reached  Hartford,  where  4ian  escort  of  the  principal 
gentlemen  in  town,  the  ringing  of  bells,  and  the  attention 
of  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen  of  the  Corporation  marked 
the  Federalism  of  the  citizens  and  their  high  respect  for 
the  distinguished  patriot  and  statesman."    At  six  o'clock 


Friday  morning  President  Stiles  and  the  professors  and 
tutors  of  Yale  College,  the  clergymen,  and  a  large  body  of 
the  citizens  of  New  Haven  assembled  at  the  State  House 
step9  and  went  up  the  Hartford  road  six  miles  to  meet 
Mr.  Adams  and  escorted  him  into  town  amid  the  firing  of 
cannon  and  the  ringing  of  bells.  Though  Mr.  Adams  tar- 
ried but  a  short  time  in  New  Haven  he  was  presented  at 
the  City  Tavern  with  the  "diplomatic  freedom"  of  the 
city  by  Pierrepont  Edwards,  Esq.,  who,  the  previous  day 
at  a  meeting  of  citizens,  had  been  especially  commissioned 
to  prepare  the  diploma.  The  same  escort  accompanied 
the  Vice-President  three  miles  out  of  New  Haven.  He 
was  attended  by  the  Light  Horse  of  Westchester  County 
from  the  Connecticut  line  to  King's  Bridge ;  and  here  he 
was  met  by  more  troops,  many  members  of  Congress,  and 
citizens  in  carriages  and  on  horseback,  who  amid  the  fir- 
ing of  salutes  escorted  him  to  the  house  of  Hon.  John 
Jay,  at  52  Broadway,  near  the  corner  of  Exchange  Place, 
where  he  arrived  about  four  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of 
Monday,  April  20th.  But  John  Adams's  permanent  resi- 
dence in  New  York  was  the  celebrated  mansion  located 
on  Richmond  Hill,*  afterward  the  residence  of  Aaron 
Burr  at  the  time  he  killed  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  sub- 
sequently bought  by  John  Jacob  Astor.  The  Mayor  and 
Corporation  called  to  congratulate  the  Vice-President  the 
morning  succeeding  his  arrival  in  town.  He  was  next 
waited  upon  by  Caleb  Strong  of  Massachusetts  and  Ralph 
Izard  of  South  Carolina,  who,  in  behalf  of  the  Senate, 
escorted  him  to  the  Senate  Chamber  to  take  the  oath  of 
office.  "  I  was  in  New  York,"  said  John  Randolph  of 
Virginia  forty  years  afterward,  "  when  John  Adams  took 
his  seat  as  Vice-President.  I  recollect  I  was  a  schoolboy 
at  the  time,  attending  the  lobby  of  Congress  when  I  ought 
to  have  been  at  school.  I  remember  the  manner  iu  which 
my  brother  was  spurned  by  the  coachman  of  the  then 
Vice-President  for  coming  too  near  the  arms  emblazoned 
on  the  scutcheon  of  the  vice-regal  carriage."  Senator 
Langdon  of  New  Hampshire,  the  president  pro  tempore  of 
the  Senate,  met  the  Vice-President  on  the  floor  of  the  Sen- 
ate, and  after  congratulating  him  conducted  him  to  the 
chair,  where  the  Vice-President  delivered  his  inaugural 
address. 

Meanwhile  Charles  Thomson  had  been  executing  a 
commission  vastly  more  important  than  that  performed 
by  Sylvanus  Bourne.  He  proceeded  to  Mt.  Vernon  to 
inform  George  Washington  that  he  had  been  elected  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States.  Washington  started  for  New 
York  immediately. I"  He  had  scarcely  left  his  home  before 
he  was  met  by  his  neighbors  and  friends  of  Alexandria, 
who  escorted  him  into  town  and  gave  him  an  early  din- 
ner at  Mr.  Wise's  tavern.  The  thirteen  toasts  that  were 
drunk  at  the  dinner  seemed  to  tell  the  history  of  the 

*  Near  Lispenard's  Meadows,  corner  Varick  and  Van  Dam  Streets, 
•t  April  16th. 


THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


G 

times.  "  The  King  of  France,"  "The  Federal  Constitu- 
tion— may  it  be  fairly  tried,"  "The  Memory  of  those 
Martyrs  who  fell  in  Vindicating  the  Rights  of  America," 
"American  Manufacturers,"  "American  Ladies  —  may 
their  manners  accord  with  the  spirit  of  the  present  Gov- 
ernment,"  were  a  few  of  the  sentiments  expressed. 
"Farewell,"  said  the  Mayor  in  behalf  of  the  people  of 
Alexandria.  "Go  and  make  a  grateful  people  happy — a 
people  who  will  be  doubly  grateful  when  they  contem- 
plate this  recent  sacrifice  for  their  interests."  Washing- 
ton's emotions  could  with  difficulty  be  concealed.  "Un- 
utterable sensations,"  said  he  in  closing  his  reply,  "must, 
then,  be  left  to  more  expressive  silence,  while  from  an 
aching  heart  I  bid  you  all,  my  affectionate  friends  and 
kind  neighbors,  farewell." 

From  Alexandria  to  Georgetown  the  President  was 
attended  by  his  neighbors  and  friends  and  even  by  chil- 
dren— a  company  that  did  "more  honor  to  a  man"  (so 
reads  a  letter  of  the  day  from  Georgetown)  "  than  all  the 
triumphs  that  Home  ever  beheld ;  and  the  person  honored 
is  more  illustrious  than  any  monarch  on  the  globe."  The 
gentlemen  of  Georgetown  met  "Washington  on  the  banks 
of  the  Potomac  and  accompanied  him  north  until  they 
met  the  gentlemen  from  Baltimore.  Some  miles  out  of 
Baltimore,  the  next  day,  a  large  body  of  citizens  on  horse- 
back met  the  Presidential  party,  and  "under  a  discharge 
of  cannon"  Washington  was  conducted  "through  crowds 
of  admiring  spectators"  to  Mr.  Grant's  tavern.  At  six 
o'clock  he  received  an  address  of  welcome  and  was  ac- 
corded a  public  reception.  Instead  of  a  dinner,  for  which 
it  was  impossible  to  arrange  on  such  short  notice,  an  invi- 
tation to  supper  was  accepted.  .  lie  retired  at  a  little  after 
ten  o'clock,  and  at  half-past  five  the  next  morning  (Satur- 
day*) he  left  Baltimore,  as  he  had  entered  it,  amid  the 
firing  of  artillery,  After  being  conducted  seven  miles 
north  he  alighted  from  his  carriage  and  insisted  that  his 
mounted  escort  should  return  home. 

He  was  met  on  the  borders  of  Delaware  on  Sunday  by 
a  company  from  Wilmington,  where,  instead  of  illuminat- 
ing the  houses,  as  some  wished,  even  if  it  was  Sunday 
evening,  "the  decoration  of  a  vessel  in  the  Delaware  op- 
posite to  Market  Street  was  substituted."  Before  leaving 
Wilmington,  the  next  morning,  Washington  received  an 
address  from  the  Burgesses  and  Common  Council  of  the 
borough.  Delaware  saw  its  guest  to  the  Pennsylvania 
line. 

Philadelphia  had  been  preparing  a  royal  welcome. 
The  State  authorities  had  appropriated  a  thousand  dol- 
lars to  defray  the  expenses  of  a  military  escort.  Thomas 
Mifflin,  President  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  of 
the  State;  Richard  Peters,  Speaker  of  the  Legislature, 
and  the  old  City  Troop  of  Horse  of  Philadelphia  pro- 
ceeded as  far  as  the  Delaware  line.    Other  troops  fol- 

•  April  18th. 


lowed,  and  early  Monday  morning,  when  Washington  was 
met,  he  received  the  customary  salutes  and  congratula- 
tions, and  was  escorted  i.i  Chester,  where  all  break- 
fasted and  rested  two  hours.  On  leaving  Chester,  Wash- 
ington ordered  his  carriage  to  the  rear  of  the  line  and 
mounted  a  beautiful  white  horse.  Charles  Thomson  and 
Colonel  Humphreys,  also  on  horseback,  were  near  him. 
As  the  procession  advanced  it  received  large  accessions, 
including  a  body  of  Philadelphia  citizens,  at  whose  head 
was  the  patriot  and  soldier,  Gen.  Arthur  St.  Clair,  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Northwest  Territory. 

At  Gray's  Ferry,  on  the  Schuylkill,  the  point  next 
reached,  the  scene  was  indeed  imposing.  The  most  elab- 
orate preparations  had  been  made.  Triumphal  arches 
decorated  with  laurel  and  other  evergreens;  on  one  side 
eleven  flags  with  the  names  of  the  eleven  States  that  had 
adopted  the  Constitution;  other  flags  with  mottoes  like 
"The  Rising  Empire,"  "The  New  Era,"  "Don't  Tread 
on  Me!"  "May  Commerce  Flourish";  boats  in  the  river 
gayly  trimmed  with  flags ;  the  cheering  of  the  assembled 
thousands  as  the  illustrious  Washington  came  down  the 
hill,  about  noon,  to  the  ferry — all  made  the  scene  a  mem- 
orable one.  When  Washington  passed  under  one  of  the 
arches  a  wreath  of  laurel  was  lowered  upon  his  brow  by 
Angelica  Peale,  the  young  daughter  of  the  artist  of  the 
Revolution,  Charles  Willson  Peale.*  At  least  twenty  thou- 
sand people  lined  the  road  from  Gray's  Ferry  to  Philadel- 
phia, and  ever, -where  the  President  wTas  saluted  with 
"Long  live  George  Washington!"  "Long  live  the  Father 
of  his  People !"  The  procession  swelled  as  he  approached 
the  city.  There  were  three  regular  discharges  of  thirteen 
rounds  each  from  the  artillery.  Salutes  were  also  fired 
from  the  beautifully  decorated  ship  "Alliance"  and  a 
Spanish  merchantman  moored  in  the  river.  As  the  proces- 
sion moved  down  Market  Street  the  bells  of  Christ  Church 
were  rung.  Amid  unbounded  joy  Washington  was  con- 
ducted to  the  historic  City  Tavern,  on  Second  above  Wal- 
nut Street,  where  a  banquet  was  given  him.  At  the  tavorn, 
where  were  gathered,  in  1774,  the  members  of  the  first 
Continental  Congress,  now  came,  besides  distinguished 
citizens,  "  all  the  clergy  and  respectable  strangers  in  the 
city"  to  honor  the  man  they  loved.  "A  band  of  music 
played  during  the  whole  time  of  the  dinner,"  says  one  of 
the  newspaper  accounts.  Three  of  the  fourteen  toasts 
were  to  "His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  our  great  and 
good  Ally,"t  "  His  Catholic  Majesty,"  i.  and  "The  United 
Netherlands."  Nearly  every  institution  in  the  city  pre- 
sented Washington  with  an  address  before  he  left  town, 
at  ten  o'clock  the  next  morning. 

The  city  troops  intended  to  escort  him  to  Trenton ; 
but  as  the  morning  was  rainy,  Washington  insisted  upon 

*  Related,  in  1S5S,  to  Benson  J.  I.ossiug  by  Miss  Peale's  brother, 
Keruorandt  Peale. 

t  Louis  XVI,  King  of  France.  i  Charles  IV,  King  of  Spain. 


AS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


7 


declining  that  lienor,  for  he  would  not  drive  in  his  car- 
riage while  the  troops  on  horseback  were  exposed  to  the 
rain.  The  clouds,  however,  broke  about  noon,  and  at 
two  o'clock  the  party  were  taken  across  the  Delaware 
River  at  Co*vin's  Ferry.  At  the  Trenton  landing  he  was 
met  by  a  distinguished  party  of  citizens,  a  troop  of  horse, 
and  a  company  of  infantry,  and  escorted  amid  the  boom- 
ing of  cannon  and  the  huzzas  of  the  people  into  Trenton 
village.  Horses  were  provided  for  Washington  and  his 
suite.  A  memorable  sight  greeted  the  procession  at  the 
bridge  at  Assunpink  Creek,  over  which  Washington  had 
retreated  during  the  Revolutionary  War  to  fall  on  the 
British  forces  at  Princeton.  A  triumphal  arch  twenty 
feet  wide  and  supported  by  thirteen  columns,  all  entwined 
with  evergreens,  was  raised  over  the  bridge,  upon  which 
waj  inscribed,  in  large  gilt  letters:  "The  Defeuder  of  the 
Mothers  will  also  Protect  their  Daughters." 

Over  this  inscription,  on  a  square  ornamented  with 
evergreens  and  flowers,  were  those  historic  dates,  "De- 
comber  23th,  1776 — January  2d,  1777,"  and  on  the  summit 
was  a  large  sunflower  designed  to  express  the  motto, 
"  To  you  alone."  *  The  evening  before  the  ball  that  had 
just  been  given  at  Princeton,  the  ladies — among  whom 
was  Mrs.  Anriis  Stockton,  widow  of  one  of  the  Signers  of 
the  Declaaation  of  Independence  and  sister  of  Elias 
Boudinot — had  determined  to  greet  in  a  beautiful  and 
affectionate  manner  President  Washington.  The  ladies 
stood  at  the  end  of  the  bridge  which  Washington  first 
approached,  and  in  front  of  them  were  their  daughters,  in 
white  dresses  decorated  with  leaves  and  chaplets  of 
flowers.  Six  of  them  held  baskets  of  flowers  in  their 
hands.  When  the  President  was  near,  the  ladies  sang  the 
following  ode: 

"  Walcomj,  mignty  chief,  once  more  ! 
Welcome  to  this  grateful  ^hore  ! 
Now  no  mercenary  foe 
Aims  again  the  fatal  blow, 
Aims  at  thee  the  fatal  blow. 

"  Virgins  fair  and  matrons  grave, 
Those  thy  conquering  arms  did  save, 
Build  for  thee  triumphal  bowers. 
Strew,  3'e  fair,  his  way  with  flowers, 
Strew  your  hero's  way  with  flowei$  I" 

During  the  singing  of  the  last  two  lines  the  ground  in 
front  of  the  President  was  strewn  with  flowers  by  the 
young  ladies.  Washington  stopped  his  horse.  The 
scene  was  beautiful,  and  many  were  affected  to  tears. 

Washington  dined  at  Samuel  Henry's  City  Tavern,  in 
Trenton,  and  drove  to  Princeton  late  in  the  afternoon,  to 
spend  the  night,  it  is  supposed,  with  the  President  of  the 
college,  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Witherspoon,  not  forgetting 
to  write  a  note  of  thanks  to  the  young  ladies  of  Trenton. 

At  eleven  o'clock  on  Wednesday  moraine:,  April  22d, 

*  This  same  arch  was  placed  in  front  of  the  State  House  when 
Lafayette,  visited  Trenton  in  1S24,  and  part  of  the  arch  is  still  pre- 
served. 


Washington  left  Princeton  under  military  escort  and  took 
the  old  road  to  New  Brunswick,*  where  he  was  met  by  the 
war  Governor,  William  Livingston,!  who  drove  with  him  to 
Woodbridge,  where  Wednesday  night  was  passed.  Thurs- 
day, April  23d,  was  an  eventful  day  to  Washington.  At 
Bridgeton  his  military  escort  was  augmented,  and  as  he 
approached  Elizabethtown,  betweeen  eight  and  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  he  received  "  a  Federal  salute 
from  the  cannon"  and  stopped  at  the  public-house  of 
Samuel  Smith,  where  he  received  the  congratulations  of 
the  town  and  the  Committee  of  Congress.  Here  he  break- 
fasted, and  then  waited  upon  the  Congressional  Com- 
mittee at  the  residence  of  Elias  Boudinot,  chairman  of 
the  Committee.  From  Dr.  Boudinot's  house  he  proceeded 
to  Elizabethtown  Point  under  a  large  civic  and  military 
escort,  which  included  companies  from  Newark  and 
vicinity.  At  Elizabethtown  Point  Washington  stepped 
aboard  a  magnificent  barge  which  had  been  made  to  con- 
vey him  up  the  bay  to  New  York.  The  boat  cost  between 
two  hundred  and  three  hundred  pounds  and  was  rowed 
by  thirteen  masters  of  vessels  dressed  in  white  uniforms 
and  black  caps  ornamented  with  fringes.  Commodore 
James  NicholsonJ  was  commander  and  Thomas  Randall 
acted  as  cockswain.  In  the  President's  barge  and  the  six 
others  accompanying  were  the  Congressional  Committee, 
John  Langdon,  Charles  Carroll  aud  William  Samuel  John- 
son of  the  Senate ;  Elias  Boudinot,  Theodoric  Bland, 
Thomas  T\xdor  Tucker,  Egbert  Benson  and  John  Law- 
rence of  the  House ;  Chancellor  Livingston ;  John  Jay, 
Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs;  Samuel  Osgood,  Arthur 
Lee,  and  Walter  Livingston,  Commissioners  of  the  Treas- 
ury ;  General  Henry  Knox,  Secretary  of  War ;  Ebenezer 
Hazard,  Postmaster-General :  Colonel  Nicholas  Fish,  Ad- 
jutant-Geceral  of  the  forces  of  New  York  State  ;  Richard 
Yarick,  Recorder  of  the  city,  and  other  dignitaries.  A 
discharge  of  artillery  was  given  on  the  embarkation  of  the 
President  at  twelve  o'clock. 

As  the  barge  drew  up  to  Murray  Wharf,  near  the 
Coffee  House,  about  three  o'clock  Thursday  afternoon, 
cannons  were  again  fired,  the  bells  of  the  city  began  to 
ring  and  continued  for  half  an  hour.  Washington  was 
dressed  in  a  plain  suit,  consisting  of  a  blue  coat  and  buff 
waistcoat  and  breeches.  # 

Miss  Quincy,  looking  out  of  a  window  in  a  store  on 
the  wharf,  wrote: 

''  Carpets  were  spread  to  the  carriage  prepared  for  him,  but  he 
preferred  walking  through  the  crowded  streets  and  was  attended 
by  Governor  Clinton  and  many  officers  and  gentlemen.  He  fre- 
quently bowed  to  the  multitude  and  took  off  his  hat  to  the  ladies 
at  the  windows,  who  waved  their  handkerchiefs,  threw  flowtrs 
before  him,  and  shod  tears  of  joy  and  congratulations.  The 

*  Washington  had  intended  to  spend  Tuesday  night  at  Trenton  and 
Wednesday  night  at  New  Brunswick.  [Letter  written  by  Washington 
to  Committee  of  Congress,  dated  Philadelphia,  April  20th,  17S9.] 

t  Own  cousin  t  j  Chancellor  Livingston. 

i  Father-in-law  of  Senator  William  Few,  of  Georgia. 


8 


THE  INAUGURATION  Of  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


whole  city  was  one  scene  of  triumphal  rejoicing.  His  name  in 
every  form  of  decoration  appeared  on  the  fronts  of  the  houses,* 
and  the  streets  through  which  he  passed  to  the  Governor's 
mansion  were  ornamented  with  flags,  silk  banners  of  various 
colors,  wreaths  of  flowers,  and  branches  of  evergreens.  Never 
did  any  one  enjoy  such  a  triumph  as  Washington,  who,  indeed, 
'  read  his  history  in  a  nation's  eyes.' " 

The  procession,  headed  by  Colonel  Morgan  Lewis,  con- 
sisted of  music,  a  troop  of  horse,  artillery  officers  off  duty, 
the  grenadiars  that  served  as  a  guard  of  honor  to  the 
President,  the  Governor  and  officers  of  the  state,  the  Con- 
gressional Committee,  the  Mayor  and  Corporation,  the 
clergy,  the  French  and  Spanish  Ambassadors,  and  citi- 
zens. The  whole  passed  through  Queen  Street. t  by  Gov- 
ernor Clinton's  house  at  the  foot  of  Cedar  Street,  and 
stopped  at  the  Franklin  House,  which  had  been  fitted  up 
as  a  residence  for  Washington. J  From  seven  till  nine 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  while  Washington  was  dining  with 
a  distinguished  company  at  Governor  Clinton's  house,  the 
city  was  brilliantly  illuminated.  The  day  had  indeed 
been  a  glorious  one.  On  all  sides  was  heard  the  expres- 
sion, "  Well,  he  deserves  it  all!"  and  many  who  were  in 
the  crowd  said  that  "they  should  now  die  contented, 
nothing  being  wanted  to  complete  their  happiness,  pre- 
vious to  this  auspicious  period,  but  the  sight  cf  the 
Savior  of  his  Country."  §  It  had  been  "  a  day  of  extrava- 
gant joy." 

Of  the  23d  of  April  Washington  wrote  in  his  diary: 

"The  display  of  boats  which  attended  and  joined  us  on  this 
occasion,  some  with  vocal  and  some  with  instrumental  muaic  on 
board,  the  decorations  of  the  ships,  the  roar  of  cannon,  and  the 


*  "  God  Bless  your  Reign,"'  etc. 

t  Now  Pearl  Street— in  17S9  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length,  and  with 
buildings  from  four  to  six  stories  high.  It  . was  considered  a  remarka- 
ble fact  at  that  time,  as  the  Rev.  Manasseh  Cutler  wrote,  that  the 
sides  of  Queen  Street  within  the  posts  were  "  laid  principally  with  free 
stone,  sufficiently  wide  for  three  persons  to  walk  abreast."  (Cutler's 
"Life,"  Vol.  I,  p.  306.) 

t  This  house  was  owned  by  Samuel  Osgood,  one  of  the  Treasury 
Commissioners,  and  was  until  1S3B.  when  the  building  was  taken 
down,  at  the  junction  of  Cherry  and  Pearl  Streets  on  Franklin  Square. 
The  Franklin  House  had  been  occupied  by  the  President  of  the  old 
Congress,  but  had  been  fitted  up  by  order  of  the  new  Congress  for 
Washington.  For  particulars  regarding  Osgood  see  "  History  of  the 
City  of  New  York,"  by  Mrs.  Martha  J.  Lamb,  Vol.  II,  p.  330.  Wash- 
ington occupie  1,  iu  1790,  a  house  on  Broadway,  near  Bowling  Green, 
which  had  begn  used  bv  the  French  Ambassador  and  was  called  the 
McComb  House,  and  subsequently  the  Mansion  House  and  Bunker's 
Hotel. 

Washington's  Diary,  February  1st,  1790:  "Agreed  on  Saturday  last 
to  take  Mr.  McComb's  house,  lately  occupied  by  the  Minister  of  France, 
for  one  year  from  and  after  the  1st  of  May  next,  and  would  go  into  it 
immediately  if  Mr.  Otto,  the  present  possessor,  could  be  accommo- 
dated; and  this  day  sent  my  secretary  to  examine  the  rooms  to  see 
how  my  furniture  could  be  adapted  to  the  respective  apartments.'" 

Colonel  John  May's  Journal,  April  22d,  17>S :  "  Went  to  see  a  pile  of 
new  buildings,  nearly  completed,  belonging  to  a  Mr.  McComb,  by  far  the 
finest  buildings  my  eyes  ever  beheld,  and  I  believe  they  excel  any  on 
the  continent.  In  one  of  the  entries  I  traveled  up  five  nights  of  stairs 
the  rail  continuous  from  top  to  bottom.  I  still  left  one  flight  unex- 
plored." 

5  "Gazette  of  the  United  states,"  April  25th. 


loud  acclamations  of  the  people  which  rent  the  skies  c»  I  walked 
along  the  streets,  filled  my  mind  with  sensations  as  pamfnl  (con- 
sidering the  reverse  of  this  scene,  which  may  be  the  case  after  all 
my  labors  to  do  good)  as  they  are  pleasing." 

The  long-expected  day  was  now  at  hand.  The  cope- 
stone  was  about  to  be  placed  on  the  structure  the  founda- 
tions of  which  had  been  laid  thirteen  years  before.  It  was 
the  30th  of  April,  1780,  and  the  first  President  of  the  Uni- 
ted States  wa3  to  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  the  new  Con- 
stitution. Crowds  were  pouring  into  New  York  "  Fcr 
nearly  a  fortnight,"  wrote  Griswold,  "the  taverns  and 
boarding-houses  in  the  city  had  been  thronged  with  vis- 
itors, and  now  every  private  house  was  filled  with  guests, 
from  all  parts  of  the  Union,  assembled  to  witness  the  im- 
posing ceremonial  which  was  to  complete  the  organization 
of  the  Government.  1  We  shall  remain  here,  even  if  we 
have  to  sleep  in  tents,  as  so  many  will  have  to  do,'  wrote 
Miss  Bertha- Ingersoll  to  Miss  MeKeau  :  "Mr.  Williamson 
had  promised  to  engage  us  rooms  at  Fraunces's,*  but  that 
was  jammed  long  ago,  as  was  every  other  public  house  : 
and  now,  while  we  were  waiting  at  Mrs.  Vandervoort's,  in 
Maiden  Lane,  till  after  dinner,  two  of  our  beaus  are  run- 
ning about  town  determined  to  obtain  the  best  places 
for  us  to  stay  at  which  can  be  opened  for  love,  money  or 
the  most  persuasive  speeches.'  " 

With  a  discharge  of  artillery  at  sunrise,  from  old  Fort 
George,  near  Bowling  Green,  began  the  ceremonies  of 
the  day.  At  nine  the  bells  of  the  churches  rang  for  half 
an  hour,  and  the  congregations  gathered  in  their  respective 
places  of  worship  "  to  implore  the  blessings  of  Heaven 
upon  their  new  Government,  its  favor  and  protection  to 
the  President,  and  success  and  acceptance  to  his  Admin- 
istration." The  military  were  meanwhile  preparing  to 
parade,  and  at  twelve  o'clock  marched  before  the  Presi- 
dent's house  on  Cherry  Street.  A  part  of  the  procession 
came  direct  from  Federal  Hall.  Following  Captain  Stakes, 
with  his  troop  of  horse,  were  the  "assistants" — General 
Samuel   Blatchley  Webb,f  Colonel   William  S.  Smith, 


*  Fraunces  Tavern  built  in  1710.  In  this  house  was  instituted,  in 
176S,  the  New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  with  John  C'ruger  as 
president,  and  the  same  place  was  Washington's  headquarters  in  17S3. 
Here,  too,  Washington  bade  farewell  to  his  officers,  December  4th, 
17S3.  The  building  is  still  standing  at  101  Broad  Street,  corner  of 
Pearl  Street. 

t  Aide-de-camp  to  Generals  Putnam  and  Washington.  Colonel  Third 
Connecticut  Regiment,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati.  After  the  Revolutionary  War  Oeneral  Webb  settled  iu 
New  York  and  lived  at  23  Broadway,  and  "was  a  leader  of  fashion 
and  one  of  the  most  elegant  men  of  the  day."  David  S.Jones  told 
the  late  James  Watson  Webb  that  one  of  his  "  amusements  asaboy 
was  regularly  and  daily  to  watch  Gouverueur  Morris  and  General 
Samuel  Webb  make  their  appearance  about  midday  from  the  fashion- 
able barber-shop  of  this  city,  near  Courtlandt  Street,  and  with  pow- 
dered hair  and  hats  in  hand  commeuce  their  daily  walk  on  the  fash- 
ionable louuge  which  extended  from  Courtlandt  Street  to  Morris 
Street  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway,  the  front  of  old  Trinity  being 
the  point  of  attraction  where  the  loungers  most  lingered."  [Remin- 
iscences of  General  Samuel  B.  Webb,  by  his  son  J.  Watson  Webb. 
Private'y  printed.] 


AS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


ft 


Lieutenant-Colonel  Nicholas  Fish,*  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Frank-,  Major  L'Enfunt,  Major  Leonard  Bleecker,+  and 
Mr.  Jolin  R.  Livingston.  Following  the  assistants  were 
Egbert  Benson,  Fisher  Ames,  and  Daniel  Carroll,  the  Com- 
mittee of  the  Hou3e  of  Representatives;  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  Ralph  Izard,  and  Tristram  Dalton,  the  Committee  of 
the  Senate ;  John  Jay,  General  Henry  Knox,  Samuel  Os- 
good, Arthur  Lee,  Walter  Livingston,  the  heads  of  the 
three  great  departments ;  and  gentlemen  in  carriages  and 
citizens  on  foot.  The  full  procession  left  the  Presidential 
mansion  at  half-past  twelve  o'clock  and  proceeded  to  Fed- 
eral Hall  via  Queen  Street, J  Great  Dock,  and  Broad  Street. 
Colonel  Morgan  Lewis, §  as  Grand  Marshal,  attended  by 
Majors  Van  Home  and  Jacob  Morton  as  aides-de-camp, 
led  the  way.  Then  followed  the  troop  of  horse  ■  the 
artillery ;  the  two  companies  of  grenadiers  ;  a  company  of 
iigat  infantry  and  the  battalion  men ;  a  company  in  the 
full  uniform  of  Scotch  IFghlanders,  with  the  national 
music  of  the  bagpipe  :  the  sheriff,  Robert  Boyd,  on  horse- 
back; the  Senate  Committee;  the  President,  in  a  state 
coach  drawn  by  four  horses,  and  attended  by  the  assist- 
ants and  civil  officers;  Colonel  Humphreys  and  Tobias 
Lear. ||  in  the  President's  own  carriage;  the  Committee  of 
the  House;  Mr.  Jay,  General  Knox,  Chancellor  Livingston; 
his  Excellency  the  Count  de  Moustier,  and  his  Excellency 
Don  Diegode  Gardoqui,  the  French  and  Spanish  Ambas- 
sadors; other  gentlemen  of. distinction,  and  a  multitude  of 
citizens.  The  two  companies  of  grenadiers  attracted 
much  attention.  One,  composed  of  the  tallest  young  men 
in  ths  city,  were  dressed  "  in  blue  with  red  facings  and 
gold-laced  ornaments,  cocked  hats  with  white  feathers, 
with  waistcoats  and  breeches  and  white  gaiters,  or  spatter- 
dashes, close  buttoned  from  the  shoe  10  the  knee  and  cov- 
ering the  shoe-buckle.  The  second,  or  German  company, 
wore  blue  coats  with  yellow  waistcoats  and  breeches, 
black  gaiters  similar  to  those  already  described,  and  tow- 
ering.caps,  cone-shaped  and  faced  with  black  bear  skin.-' 
When  the  military,  which  amounted  to  "not  more  than 

*  He  was  Major  of  t!ie  Second  New  York  Regiment  and  brigade 
inspector,  and  "  possessed  to  a  high  degree  the  conlldence  of  Washing- 
ton, Schuyler,  Lafayette,  and  Hamilton,  and  with  the  army  the  char- 
acter of  an  excellent  disciplinarian  and  a  gallant  soldier."'  (John 
Schuyler's  "  The  Society  of  the  Cincinnati  of  New  York,"  p.  202.)  The 
inscription  on  the  tablet  to  his  memory  in  St.  Mark's  Church,  New- 
York  City,  is : 

"Nicholas  Fish, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  Army  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Born  August  23th,  1T5S;  Died  June  20th,  1S33. 
The  Faithful  Soldier  of  Christ  and  of  his  Country." 
Colonel  Fish  was  the  father  of  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish. 

t  In  battles  of  Long  Island  and  Princeton,  and  at  surrender  of 
Yorktown. 

t  Now  Pearl  Street. 

}  Born  October  16th,  1754;  died  April  7th,  1644.  A  graduate  of 
Princeton,  student  in  the  law  office  of  John  Jay,  Revolutionary  pa- 
triot, and  afterwards  Governor  of  New  York.  He  was  present  at  the 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  Washington's  inauguration  in  1S39,  when  the 
oration  was  delivered  by  John  Quincy  Adams,  and  the  ode,  sung  to 
the  tune  of  "  Old  Hundred,"  wa3  written  by  William  Cullen  Bryant. 

S  The  President's  private  secretary. 


five  hundred  men,"  and  whose  "appearance  was  quite 
pretty,"  arrived  within  two  hundred  yards  of  Federal 
Hall,  at  one  o'clock,  they  were  drawn  up  on  each  side, 
and  Washington  and  the  assistants  and  the  gentlemen  es- 
pecially invited  passed  through  the  lines  and  proceeded 
to  the  Senate  Chamber  of  the  "  Federal  State  House." 
The  building  had  been  crowded  since  ten  o'clock,  and 
when  the  Senate  met  at  half-past  eleven  all  was  excite- 
ment. The  minutest  details  were  considered  matters  of 
gravest  moment.  In  the  most  solemn  manner  John 
Adams  said  :  "  Gentlemen.  1  wish  for  the  direction  of  the 
Senate.  The  President  will,  I  suppose,  address  the  Con- 
gress. How  shall  I  behave?  How  shall  we  receive  it? 
Shall  it  be  standing  or  sitting.?"  Then  began  a  long  dis- 
cussion. Richard  Henry  Lee  had  been  in  the  House  of 
Commons  and  in  the  House  of  Lords  and  before  the  King, 
and  the  result  of  his  information  was  that  "  the  Lords  sat 
and  the  Commons  stood  on  the  delivery  of  the  King's 
speech."  Then  Ralph  Izard,  who  bad  also  visited  Par- 
liament, made  this  "  sagacious  discovery,  that  the  Com- 
mons stood  because  they  had  no  seats  to  sit,  on  being 
arrived  at  the  House  of  Lords."  John  Adams  replied  that 
he  had  been  in  Parliament  too;  but  "  there  was  always 
such  a  crowd  and  ladies  along,  he  could  not  see  how  it 
was."  Then  the  Senate  drifted  off  into  a  discussion  as  to 
the  manner  of  receiving  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, and  during  the  discussion  the  Speaker  and  the 
House  arrived  at  the  Senate  doer.  Confusion  reigned. 
Members  left  their  seats.  When  Lee  rose  to  speak  again 
he  could  not  be  heard.  At  last  the  lower  House  entered 
the  Senate  Chamber,  and  there  the  two  houses  sat  for  an 
hour  and  ten  minutes.  The  delay  was  owing  to  the 
Senate  Committee,  "  Lee,  Izard,  and  Dalton,  who,"  said 
Senator  Maclay,  ''had  staid  with  us  until  the  Speaker 
came  in,  instead  of  going  to  attend  the  President."  At 
last  the  joint  committee  of  the  two  houses,  preceded  by 
their  chairman,  introduced  Washington,  who  advanced 
between  the  Senators  and  Representatives,  bowing  to 
each.  He  was  at  once  conducted  to  the  chair  by  John 
Adams.  On  the  right  were  the  Vice-President  and  the 
Senate,  and  on  Washington's  left  the  Speaker  and  the 
House  of  Representatives.  The  Vice-President  then  said 
that  "the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  cf  the 
United  States  were  ready  to  attend  him  to  take  the  oath 
required  by  the  Constitution,  and  that  it  would  be  admin- 
istered by  the  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New  York." 
The  President  replied  that  he  was  ready  to  proceed,  and 
was  immediately  conducted  to  the  open  gallery  in  front 
of  the  Senate  Chamber,  which  looked  out  upon  Broad 
Street. 

Miss  Eliza  Quincy  wrote : 

"I  was  on  the  roof  of  the  first  house  in  Broad  Street,  which 
belonged  to  Captain  Prince,  the  father  of  one  of  my  school  com- 
panions, a;:d  so  near  Washington  that  I  could  almost  hear  him 


10 


THE  INAUGURATION  OF  GEORGE  WASHINGTON 


Bpcak.  The  windows  anil  the  roofs  of  the  houses  were  crowded, 
and  in  Ihe  streets  the  throng  was  so  dense  that  it  seemed  as  if 
one  might  literally  walk  on  the  heads  of  the  people.  The  bal- 
cony of  the  hall  was  in  full  view  of  this  assembled  multitude.  In 
the  center  of  it  was  placed  a  table  with  a  rich  covering  of  red 
velvet,  and  upon  this,  on  a  crimson  velvet  cushion,  lay  a  large 
and  elegant  Bible.  This  was  all  the  paraphernalia  for  the  august 
scene.  All  eyes  were  fixed  upon  the  balcony,  where  at  the  ap- 
pointed hour  Washington  entered,  accompanied  by  the  Chancel- 
lor of  the  State  of  New  York,  who  was  to  administer  the  oath, 
by  John  Adams,  Vice-President,  Governor  Clinton,  and  many 
other  distinguished  men.  By  the  great  body  of  the  people  he 
had  probably  never  been  seen  except  as  a  military  hero.  The 
first  in  war  was  now  to  be  the  first  in  peace.  His  entrance  on 
the  balcony  was  announced  by  universal  shouts  of  joy  and  wel- 
come. His  appearance  was  most  solemn  and  dignified.  Advanc- 
ing to  the  front  of  the  balcony,  he  laid  his  hand  on  his  heart, 
bowed  several  times,  and  then  retired  to  an  arm-chair  near  the 
table.  The  populace  appeared_  to  understand  that  the  scene  had 
overcome  him,  and  were  at  once  hushed  in  profound  silence. 
After  a  few  moments  Washington  arose  and  c:.me  forward. 
Chancellor  Livingston  read  the  oath,  according  to  the  form  pre- 
scribed by  the  Constitution,  and  Washington  repeated  it,  resting 
his  hand  upon  the  table.  Mr.  Otis,  the  Secretary  of  the  Senate, 
then  took  the  Bible  and  raised  it  to  the  lips  of  Washington,  who 
stooped  and  kissed  the  book.  At  this  moment  a  signal  was  given 
by  raising  a  flag  upon  the  cupola  of  the  hall  for  a  general  dis- 
charge of  the  artillery  of  the  Battery.  All  the  bells  in  the  city 
rang  out  a  peal  of  joy,  and  the  assembled  multitude  sent  forth  a 
universal  shout.  The  President  again  bowed  to  the  people,  and 
then  retired  from  a  scene  such  as  the  proudest  monarch  never 
enjoyed." 

Besides  Adams,  Clinton,  and  Livingston,  who  stood 
near  Washington  on  the  balcony,  were  Roger  Sherman 
and  Richard  Henry  Lee,  Generals  Henry  Knox  and  Arthur 
St.  Clair,  Baron  Steuben*  and  Samuel  A.  Otis,  Secretary  of 
the  Senate,  and  in  the  rear  the  Senators,  Representatives, 
and  other  distinguished  officials.  Alexander  Hamilton 
viewed  the  ceremony  from  his  residence  opposite,  at  the 
corner  of  Wall  and  Broad  Streets. 

Washington  was  dressed  in  a  full  suit  of  dark  brown 
cloth  manufactured  in  Hartford,  with  metal  buttons  with 
an  eagle  on  them,  and  "  with  a  steel-hilted  dress  sword, 
white  silk  stockings,  and  plain  silver  shoe-bucUes.  His 
hair  was  dressed  and  powdered  in  the. fashion  of  the  day 
and  worn  in  a  bag  and  solitaire. "f  Chancellor  Robert  R. 
Livingston,  one  of  the  committee  of  five  to  draft  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  thirteen  years  before,  was 
dressed  in  a  full  suit  of  black  cloth  and  wore  the  robe  of 
office.:):    Just  before  the  oath  was  to  be  administered  it 

•President  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 

t  Irving's  "Life  of  Washington,"  Vol.  IV, p.  474.  Irvine  told  Dr. 
Francis  and  Rufus  W.  Griswcld  that  he  remembered,  as  a  boy  of  six, 
looking  from  the  corner  of  New  and  Wall  Streets  upon  the  inaugura- 
tion scene.  (Griswold's  "  Republican  Court,"  p.  142.)  John  Randolph, 
of  Virginia,  then  a  boy  of  sixteen,  was  also  present,  and  afterward 
wrote,  "  I  saw  the  coronation  (such  in  fact  it  wa3)  of  General  Wash- 
ington, in  1789."  See  also  Dunlap,  "  School  History,'' Vol.  II,  p.  '263. 
Regarding  the  clothes  of  the  President,  the  following  is  taken  from 
the  New  York  Journal  and  Weekly  Advertiser,  of  May  Tth,  1TS0 :  "  The 
President,  on  the  day  of  his  inauguration  appeared  dressed  in  a  com- 
plete suit  of  homespun  clothes,  but  the  cloth  was  of  so  fine  a  fabric 
and  so  handsomely  finished  that  it  was  universally  mistaken  for  a  for- 
eign manufactured  superline  cloth.'' 

tThe  ancestor  of  the  Livingstons  in  this  country  was  John  Liv- 
ingston, a  preacher  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Scotland,  who  was 


was  discovered  that  no  Bible  was  in  Federal  Hall.  Luck- 
ily Livingston,  a  Grand  Master  of  Free  Masons,  knew 
that  there  was  one  at  St.  John's  Lodge,  in  the  City  Assem- 
bly Rooms,  near  by,*  and  a  messenger  t  was  dispatched 
to  borrow  the  Bible,  which  is  to-day  the  property  of  St. 
John's  Lodge  No.  1,  the  third  oldest  Masonic  lodge  in  the 
United  States.}. 

banished  in  1063  for  nun-conformity  with  prelatlcal  rule.  He  died  at 
Rotterdam  in  1672.  A  son  named  Robert,  emigrated  from  Holland, 
settled  in  Albany  in  1675,  and  became  lord  of  Livingston  Manor.  A 
grandson  of  the  last  named  was  Robert  R.  Livingston,  a  member  of 
the  Stamp  Act  Congress  in  1765.  Robert  R.  Livingston's  eldest  son 
was  Chancellor  Livingston,  a  graduate  of  King's  (Columbia)  College, 
law  partner  of  John  Jay,  under  the  Crown  recorder  of  New  York  City, 
delegate  to  Congress  in  1776,  Chancellor  of  the  State  of  New  York 
from  1777  to  1801,  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs  under  the  Confedera- 
tion from  1781  to  17S3,  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  France  at  the  time 
of  tne  cession  of  Louisiana  by  France  to  the  United  States  in  1S03,  and 
the  originator,  with  Fulton,  of  steam  navigation,  which  resulted  in  the 
launching  of  the  "  Clermont"  on  the  Hudson  in  1S07.  Livingston  was 
called  by  Franklin  "the  CicerD  of  America."  He  died  February  26th, 
1S13.  The  two  statues  which  the  State  of  New  York  is  entitled  by  Con- 
gress to  have  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington  are  those  of  Governor 
George  Clinton  and  Chancellor  Livingston.  See  "  Biographical  Sketch 
of  Robert  R.  Livingston,"  read  before  the  New  York  Historical  Society, 
October  3d,  1876,  by  the  President,  Frederick  De  Peyster. 

*  Where  the  Bored  Building  now  stands  on  Broadway. 

t  This  messenger  was  Major  Jacob  Morton,  the  Grand  Secretary  of 
the  Masonic  Fraternity  of  New  York  State,  and  also,  as  above  stated, 
aide-de-camp  to  the  Grand  Marshal,  Colonel  Morgan  Lewis.  [State- 
ment of  Colonel  Ehlers,  Grand  Secretary  of  Masonic  Fraternity,  New 
York  State.] 

t  The  Bible  is  bound  in  red  morocco  with  gilt  ornamentation  and 
edges  and  silver  clasps,  and  is  11  inches  high,  9  wide,  and  3)4  thick. 
On  the  obverse  and  reverse  covers  are  two  inscriptions  very  nearly 
alike,  the  first  of  which  is  as  follows : 

GOD  SHALL  ESTABLISH 
St.  JOHNS  LODGE  CONSTITUTED 
5757 

REBUILT  AND  OPENED 
NOVEMBER  23  5770. 
OFFICERS  THEN  PRESIDING 
JONATHAN  HAMPTON  M 
WILLIAM  BUTLER  S  W 
ISAAC  HERON  J  W 
The  Bible  was  published  in  London,  by  Mark  Baskett,  in  1767,  and 
contains  a  large  picture  of  George  II,  beside.!  being  handsomely  illus- 
trated with  biblical  scenes.   The  pa^e  of  the  Bible  which  Washington 
kissed  is  also  indicated  by  the  leaf  being  turned  down.  A  copper-plate 
engraving,  explanatory  of  the  forty-ninth  chapter  of  Genesis,  is  on 
the  opposite  page.   On  one  of  the  fly-leaves  is  the  following  descrip- 
tion of  what  was  done  on  April  3Jth,  17S0— written  s  >  indistinctly  that 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  photograph  it : 


On 
Sacred 


A  picture 

of 
Stuart's 
Washington. 


This 
Volume, 


On  the  3Cth  day  of  April,  A.  M.  57S9, 
In  the  City  of  New  York, 
was  administered  to 
Geouge  Washington, 
The  first  President  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
The  Oath ! 

To  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
This  important  ceremony  was 
Performed  by  the  most  worshipful  Grand  Master  of 
Free  and  Accepted  Mason?, 
Of  the  State  of  New  York, 
The  Honorable 
Robert  R.  Livingston, 
Chancellor  of  the  State. 
"  Fame  stretched  her  wings  and  with  her  trumpet  blew 
'  Great  Washington  is  near— what  praise  is  due  ? 
What  title  shall  he  have?'   She  paused— and  said  : 
'  Not  one— his  name  alone  strikes  every  title  dead.'  " 


AS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


11 


Secretary  Otis  of  the  Senate  held  before  him  a  red  vel- 
vet cushion,  upon  which  rested  the  open  Bible  of  St. 
John's  Lodge.  "You  do  solemnly  swear"  said  Living- 
ston, "  that  you  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  your 
ability,  preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States?"  "I  do  solemnly  swear,"  replied 
Washington,  "that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my 
ability,  preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States."  He  then  bowed  his  head  and  kissed 
the  sacred  Book,  and  with  the  deepest  feeling  uttered  the 
words,  "So  help  me  God!"  The  Chancellor  then  pro- 
claimed, "Long  live  George  Washington,  President  of 
the  United  States!"*  The  instant  discharge  of  thirteen 
cannon  followed;  and  with  loud  repeated  shouts  and 
huzzas  the  people  cried:  "God  bless  our  Washington! 
Long  live  our  beloved  President !"  The  President  bowed 
to  the  people,  and  the  air  again  rang  with  acclamations. 
Washington,  followed  by  the  company  at  the  balcony, 
now  returned  to  the  Senate  Chamber,  where  he  took  his 
seat  and  the  Senators  and  Representatives  their  seats. 
When  Washington  arose  to  speak  all  stood  and  listened 
"with  eager  and  marked  attention." 


*  Captain  Van  Dyck  was  stationed  in  Broadway  at  the  head  of  Wall 
Street  with  orders  to  fire  the  salute  as  soon  as  the  waving  of  the  signal 
nag  from  Federal  Hall  indicated  that  the  oath  had  been  administered. 
At  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  Washington's  inauguration  Captain  Van 
Dyck  was  living,  and  gave  the  following  account  of  the  firing  of  the 
salute  to  the  editor  of  the  New  York  Spectator,  who  said,  in  his  issue  of 
April  30th,  1839 : 

"  Capuin  Van  Dyck  still  survives,  and  we  had  the  pleasure  of  a  call 
from  the  veteran  on  Saturday.  He  is  now  in  his  eighty-fifth  year,  and 
has  been  an  officer  in  the  Custom-house  twenty-five  years,  the  duties 
of  which  he  yet  discharges.  He  mentioned  to  us  that  when  Colonel 
Lewis  gave  him  the  order  for  the  salute  he  inquired, '  But  who  is  to  pay 
for  the  glass  I  shall  break?'  '  I  will,'  replied  the  colonel.  At  the  dis- 
charge of  every  gun  the  captain  says  he  could  hear  the  jingle  of  the 
glass  from  the  shattered  windows.  At  the  corner  of  the  streets  (Broad- 
way and  Wall)  was  a  silversmith's  shop  owned  by  a  Mr.  Forbes,  hav- 
ing large  bow-windows.  From  these  the  panes  jingled  merrily.  Mr. 
Forbes  ran  into  the  street  and  implored  the  captain  to  desist  firing,  but. 
of  course,  to  no  purpose.  The  captain  gave  him  a  rebuke  which  sent 
him  back  to  his  shop.  '  Who,'  he  demanded, '  would  refuse  a  salvo  of 
artillery  on  such  an  occasion  for  a  few  paltry  squares  of  window 
glass?'  and  from  that  day  afterward  the  captain  says  he  heard  no  more 
of  the  Droken  glass." 

It  is  interesting  to  know  that  twenty-one  pounds  of  powder  were 
used  in  the  salute  above  referred  to,  as  is  seen  by  the  original  of  the 
following  paper,  in  the  handwriting  of  Coi.  Sebastian  Bauman,  which 
is  now  owned  by  his  great-grandson,  Charles  Bauman  Marsh,  of  New 
York: 

"  A  return  of  powder  expended  since  last  return. 

"  1T89. 

"  In  the  Governor's  arrival  from  Albany   21 

"On  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Adams,  Vice-President   21 

"  April  23d.  On  the  arrival  of  General  Washington   m 

"Issued  to  General  Maliam  by  order  of  the  Governor. I2i> 

"  April  30th.  A  salute  on  the  installment  of  the  President   21 

'•  May  27th.  On  the  arrival  of  Mrs.  W  ishington   69 

".Inly  2d.  Issued  to  General  Maliam  by  order  of  the  Governor. 100 
"July  4th.    A  salute  for  the  day   21 

"A  feudejoy   12J$ 

"  Sept.  28th.  Expended  in  the  review  of  the  Kegiment  of  Artillery.  Ts 
"  Oct.  11th  1  Firing  two  salutes  by  order  of  the  Governor  for  trie 
"  Oct.  13th  /       French  frigate,  the  '  Active '  140 

Lbs.  678'rf 

"The  contents  of  six  barrels  600 

"  Balance  due  me  Lbs.  T8X 

"  S.  Bauman, 
"  Commissary  of  Miiitary  Stores. 

"  New  York,  Nov.  1st,  1789." 


Said  Senator  Maclay,  who  heard  the  inaugural  ad- 
dress :  * 

"  This  great  man  was  agitated  and  embarrassed  more  than 
ever  he  was  by  the  leveled  cannon  or  pointed  musket.  He  trem- 
bled, and  several  times  cou!d  scarce  make  oui  to  read,  though  it 
must  be  supposed  he  had  often  read  it  before.  He  made  a  flour- 
ish with  his  right  hand  which  left  rather  an  ungainly  impression. 
I  sincerely,  for  my  part,  wished  all  sot  ceremony  in  the  hands  of 
dancing-masters,  and  that  this  first  of  men  had  read  off  his  ad- 
dress in  the  plain  manner,  without  ever  taking  his  eyes  from  the 
paper ;  for  I  feel  hurt  that  he  was  not  first  in  everything." 

Fisher  Ames,  who  also  heard  Washington's  address, 

wrote : 

"  It  was  a  very  touching  scene,  and  quite  of  the  solemn  kind. 
His  aspect  grave,  almost  to  sadness ;  his  modesty,  actually  shak- 
ing;  his  voice  deep,  a  little  tremulous,  and  so  low  as  to  call  for 
close  attention — added  to  the  series  of  objects  presented  to  the 
mind  and,  overwhelming  it,  produced  emotions  of  the  most  af- 
fecting kind  upon  the  members.  I,  Pilgarlic,  sat  entranced.  It 
seemed  to  me  an  allegory  in  which  virtue  was  personified  as  ad- 
dressing those  whom  she  would  make  her  votaries.  Her  power 
over  the  heart  was  never  greater,  and  the  illustration  of  her  doc- 
trine by  her  own  example  was  never  more  perfect." 

After  delivering  his  address,  the  President,  accompa- 
nied by  the  Vice-President,  the  Speaker,  the  two  Houses 
of  Congress,  and  all  who  attended  the  inauguration  cere- 
mony proceeded  on  foot  to  St.  Paul's  Church.  The  same 
order  was  preserved  as  in  the  procession  from  the  Presi- 
dent's house  to  Federal  Hall.  The  military  "made  a 
good  figure "  as  they  lined  the  street  near  the  church. 
The  services  in  the  church  were  conducted  by  the  Chap- 
lain of  the  Senate,  the  Rt.  Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Provoost, 
Bishop  of  the  Episcopal  Church  of  New  York. 
Said  Fisher  Ames,  in  the  letter  already  quoted: 
'•  I  was  present  in  the  pew  with  the  President,  and  must  assure 
you  that,  after  making  all  deductions  for  the  delusion  of  one's 
f  incy  in  regard  to  characters,  I  still  think  of  him  with  more  ven- 
eration than  for  any  other  person.  Time  has  made  havoc  upon 
his  face.  That,  and  many  other  circumstaacjs  not  to  be  reasoned 
about,  conspired  to  keep  up  the  awe  I  brought  with  me." 

After  prayers  had  been  read  and  the  "  Te  Deum"  sung 
Washington  entered  the  state  coach  and  was  escorted 
home. 

That  evening  there  was  a  gorgeous  display  of  fire- 
works, provided  through  private  subscriptions.  There 
were  illuminations  of  private  residences  and  transpar- 
encies in  front  of  the  theater  on  John  Street,  and  at  Fly 
Market,  at  the  foot  of  Maiden  Lane.  The  ship  "Caro- 
lina" in  the  harbor,  which  at  sunset  had  discharged  thir- 
teen cannon,  formed  a  beautiful  pyramid  of  stars.  But 
the  largest  crowds  were  gathered  in  the  lower  part  of 
Broadway,  wh?re  were  the  residences  of  Senator  Izard, 
Chancellor  Livingston  and  the  French  and  Spanish  am- 
bassadors. From  Livingston's  house  the  fireworks  were 
watched  by  Washington,  who  had  driven  there  with  Colo- 
nel Humphreys  and  Secretary  Lear.    Colonel  Sebastian 

*  Madison  helped  Washington  prepare  his  inaugural  speech,  and 
the  reply  to  that  speech  by  the  House  was  also  drawn  by  Madison. 
(See  Rives's  "  Life  and  Times  of  James  Madison,"'  anil  Washington's 
letter  to  Madison,  dated  May  5th,  1789.) 


12 


THE  INAUGURATION  OF  OEOROE  WASHINGTON. 


Bauman,  who,  as  commander  of  the  State  Regiment  of 
Artillery,  hud  been  busy  through  the  day,  superintended 
the  fireworks  from  Fort  George,  opposite  Bowling  Green. 
With  a  flight  of  thirteen  rockets  and  the  discharge  of 
thirteen  cannjn  the  fireworks  began  and  ended.  In  the 
two  hours'  interval  was  a  display  of  fire-trees,  tourbil- 
lions,  Chinese  fountains  of  fire,  crackers,  serpents,  paper- 
shells,  cascades,  Italian  candles  and  fire-letters  in  memory 
of  the  day.  But  listen  to  Col.  John  May,  whose  letter  to 
his  wife  describes  ths  illuminations  of  the  evening: 

"  The  Spanish  ambassador's  house  was  illuminated  so  as  to 
represent  Wisdom,  Justice,  Fortitude,  Sun,  Moon,  Stars,  Spanish 
Arms,  etc.  The  French  ambassador  also  illuminated  handsomely. 
F  deral  Hall  also  presented  a  fine  appoarance.  The  likeness  of 
our  hero,  illuminated,  vvaa  presented  in  the  window  of  a  house  at 
a  little  distance — the  best  likeness  I  have  yet  seen  of  him;  so 
much  like  him  that  one  could  hardly  distinguish  it  from  life  ex- 
cepting for  the  situation,  over  a  beer-house,  a  place  he  never  fre- 
quents. The  best  thing  of  all  was  a  picture  of  the  United  States, 
the  President  at  full  length  the  central  figure  ;  on  his  right,  Jus- 
tice ;  over  his  head,  Fortitude ;  on  his  left,  Wisdom.  High  over 
his  head  were  two  female  figures  in  gay  colors  and  supporting  on 
their  arms  the  American  Eagle.  The  fireworks  were  brilliant  and 
greeted  with  tumultuous  applause." 

At  ten  o'clock  Washington  returned  home  on  foot, 
'*  the  throng  cf  people  being  so  great  as  not  to  permit  a 
carriage  to  pass  through  it." 

On  the  morning  after  the  inauguration  the  President 
received  calls  from  Vice-President  Adams,  Governor  Clin- 
ton, John  Jay,  Gen.  Henry  Knox,  Ebenezer  Hazard,  Sam- 
uel Osgood,  Arthur  Lee,  the  French  and  Spanish  ambas- 
sadors, "and  a  great  many  other  persons  of  distinction." 
But  Tuesday  and  Friday  afternoons,  between  the  hours  of 
two  and  three  o'clock,  were  appointed  by  the  President 
for  receiving  formal  visits.  He  discouraged  complimen- 
tary calls  on  other  days,  and  particularly  on  Sunday.  The 
ball  which  it  was  intended  to  give  on  the  evening  of  In- 
auguration Day  was  postponed  that  the  wife  of  the  Presi- 
dent might  attend;  but  when  it  was  learned  that  she 
_  would  not  arrive  in  New  York  until  the  last  of  May  it 
was  decided  to  give  the  ball  on  the  evening  of  Thursday, 
May  7th.  It  was  a  -brilliant  assembly.  Besides  the 
President,  Vice-President,  many  members  of  Congress, 


the  Governor  :>.nd  the  foreign  ministers,  there  were  pres- 
ent Chancellor  Livingston,  John  Jay,  General  Knox,  Chief 
Justice  Yates  of  New  York  State,  James  Duane  (the 
Mayor),  Baron  Steuben,  General  Hamilton,  Mrs.  Lang- 
don,  Mrs.  Peter  Van  Brugh  Livingston,  Mrs.  Livingston 
of  Clermont,  Mrs.  Chancellor  Livingston,  Mrs.  Gerry,  Mrs. 
Thomson,  Mrs.  Montgomery,  Mrs.  Edgar,  Mrs.  Beekman, 
Mrs.  Dalton,  Mrs.  McComb,  Mrs.  Lynch,  the  Marchioness 
de  Brehan,*  Lady  Stirling  and  her  two  daughters,  Lady 
Mary  Watts  and  Lady  Kitty  Duer,  Lady  Temple,  Madame 
de  la  Forest,  Mrs.  Knox,  Mrs.  Houston,  Mrs.  Griffin,  Mrs. 
Provoost,  the  Misses  Livingston  and  the  Misses  Bayard. 
About  three  hundred  were  present.  It  is  related  that  the 
President,  who  had  danced  repeatedly  while  Commander- 
in-Chief,  danced  in  the  cotillon  and  the  minuet  at  this 
ball.  "The  company  retired  about  two  o'clock,  after 
having  spent  a  most  agreeable  evening.  Joy,  satisfac- 
tion and  vivacity  were  expressed  in  every  countenance, 
and  every  pleasure  seemed  to  be  heightened  by  the  pres- 
ence of  a  Washington." 

Washington's  correspondence  at  the  beginning  of  his 
presidency  shows  how  strong  was  his  conviction  of  duty, 
and  how  great  were  the  difficulties  surrounding  him.  But 
modesty,  fidelity  and  patriotism  were  virtues  too  strong 
to  be  resisted.  The  nobility  of  his  character  overcame  all 
obstacles.  "  The  cares  and  labors  of  the  President,"  said 
Fisher  Ames,  "were  incessant.  His  exhortations,  exam- 
ple and  authority  were  employed  to  excite  zeal  and  activ- 
ity for  the  public  service.  Able  officers  were  selected 
only  for  their  merits,  and  some  of  them  remarkably  dis- 
tinguished themselves  by  their  successful  management  of 
the  public  business.  Government  was  administered  with 
such  integrity,  without  mystery,  and  in  so  prosperous  a 
course  that  it  seemed  to  be  wholly  employed  in  acts  of 
beneficence.  Though  it  has  made  many  thousand  mal- 
contents, it  has  never  by  its  rigor  or  injustice  made  one 
man  wretched." 


*  Sister  of  Count  de  Moustier,  the  French  minister,  who  was  now 
living  in  the  McComb  house,  on  Broadway,  where,  the  week  follow- 
ing (May  14th),  a  ball  was  given  in  honor  of  Washington. 


THE  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS   OF  PRESIDENT  GEORGE 

WASHINGTON. 


Aftkr  the  Inauguration  oath  had  been  administered,  the 
President  returned  to  the  Senate  Chamber  and  delivered  to 
both  Houses  of  Congress  the  following  speech  : 

"Fellow-Citizens  of  the  Senate  and  of  the  House  of 
Representatives: 

"  Among  the  vicissitudes  incident  to  life,  no  event  could  have 
filled  me  with  greater  anxiety  than  that  of  which  the  notification 
was  transmitted  by  your  order  and  received  on  the  14th  day  of  the 
present  month.  On  the  one  hand,  I  was  summoned  by  my  coun- 
try, whose  voice  I  can  never  hear  but  with  veneration  and  love, 
from  a  retreat  which  I  had  chosen  with  the  fondest  predilection 
and  in  my  faltering  hopes  with  an  immutable  decision,  as  the  asy- 
lum of  my  declining  years — a  retreat  which  was  rendered  more 
necessary  as  well  as  more  dear  to  me  by  the  addition  of  habit,  of 
inclination  and  of  frequent  interruptions  in  health,  to  the  gradual 
waste  committed  on  it  by  time.  On  the  other  hand,  the  magni- 
tude and  difficulty  of  the  trust  to  which  my  country  called  me, 
being  sufficient  to  awaken  in  the  wisest  and  most  experienced  of 
our  citizens  a  distrustful  scrutiny  in  its  qualifications,  could  not 
but  overwhelm  me  with  despondency  who,  inheriting  inferior 
endowments  from  Nature  and  unpracticed  in  the  duties  of  civil 
administration,  ought  to  be  peculiarly  conscious  of  his  own  de- 
ficiencies. In  this  conflict  of  emotions  all  I  dare  aver  is,  that  it 
has  been  my  faithful  study  to  collect  my  duty  from  a  just  appreci- 
ation of  every  circumstance  by  which  it  might  be  affected.  All  I 
dare  hope  is,  that  if,  in  executing  this  task,  I  have  been  too  much 
swayed  by  a  careful  remembrance  of  former  instances  or  by  an 
affectionate  sensibility  to  this  transcendent  proof  of  the  confidence 
of  my  filial  citizens,  I  have  thence  too  little  concealed  my  incapac- 
ity as  well  as  disinclination  for  the  weighty  and  untried  cares  be- 
fore me,  my  error  will  be  palliated  by  motives  which  held  me,  and 
its  consequence  be  judged  by  my  country  with  some  share  of  par- 
tiality in  which  they  originated. 

"  Such  being  the  impression  under  which  I  have,  in  obedience 
to  public  demands,  repaired  to  the  present  station,  it  will  be  pecu- 
liarly improper  to  omit  in  this  first  official  act  our  fervent  suppli- 
cations to  that  Almighty  Being  who  rules  over  the  universe,  who 
presides  in  the  councils  of  nations  and  whose  providential  aid  can 
supply  every  human  defect,  that  his  benediction  may  be  secured 
to  the  liberties  and  happiness  of  the  people  of  the  United  States — 
a  Government  instituted  by  themselves  for  these  essential  purposes 
—and  may  enable  every  instrument  employed  in  this  Administra- 
tion to  execute  with  success  the  functions  allotted  to  his  charge. 
In  tendering  this  homage  to  the  great  Author  of  every  public  and 
private  good,  I  assure  myself  that  it  expresses  your  sentiments  not 
less  than  my  own,  and  all  those  of  my  fellow-citizens  at  large  not 
less  than  either. 

"  No  people  can  be  bound  to  acknowledge  and  adore  the  In- 
visible Hand  which  conducts  the  affairs  of  men  more  than  the 
people  of  the  United  States.  Every  step  by  which  they  have  ad- 
vanced to  the  character  cf  an  independent  nation,  seems  to  have 
been  distinguished  by  some  token  of  providential  agency ;  and  in 
the  important  Kevolution  just  accomplished,,  in  the  system  of 
united  government,  the  tranquil  deliberations  and  voluntary  con- 
sent of  so  many  distinguished  communities  from  which  the  event 
has  resulted,  cannot  be  compared  with  the  means  by  which  most 
governments  have  been  established  without  some  return  of  pious 


gratitude  along  with  an  humble  anticipation  of  the  future  bless- 
ings which  the  past  seems  to  presage.  These  reflections,  arising 
out  of  the  present  crisis,  have  formed  themselves  too  strongly  in 
my  mind  to  be  suppressed.  You  will  join  with  me,  I  trust,  in 
thinking  that  our  Government  is  under  an  influence  by  which  the 
proceedings  of  a  new  and  free  government  can  more  auspiciously 
commence. 

"  By  the  article  establishing  the  Executive  Department,  it  is 
made  the  duty  of  the  President  '  to  recommend  to  your  considera- 
tion such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient.' 
The  circumstances  under  which  I  now  meet  ycu  will  preclude  me 
from  entering  into  that  subject,  further  than  to  refer  to  the  great 
constitutional  charter,  under  which  you  are  assembled ;  and 
which,  in  defining  your  powers,  designates  the  object  to  which 
your  attention  is  to  be  given.  It  will  be  more  consistent  with 
those  circumstances,  and  far  more  congenial  with  the  feelings 
which  actuate  me  to  substitute  in  place  of  a  recommendation  of 
particular  measures,  the  tribute  that  is  due  to  the  talents,  the  rec- 
titude and  patriotism  which  adorn  the  characters  selected  to  ad- 
vise and  adopt  them.  In  these  honorable  qualifications  I  behold 
the  surest  pledges ;  that  is,  on  one  side  no  local  prejudice  or  at- 
tachments ;  no  separate  views  nor  party  animosities  will  misdirect 
the  comprehensive  and  equal  eye  which  ought  to  watch  over  this 
great  assemblage  of  communities  and  interests ;  so  long  after,  that 
the  foundation  of  our  national  policy  will  be  laid  in  pure  and  im- 
mutable principles  of  private  morality ;  and  the  permanence  of 
free  government  be  exemplified  by  all  attributes  which  can  win 
the  affections  of  its  citizens  and  command  the  respect  of  the 
world.  I  dwell  on  this  prospect  with  full  satisfaction  which  an 
ardent  love  for  my  country  can  inspire ;  since  there  is  no  truth 
more  thoroughly  established  than  that  there  exists  in  the  economy 
and  course  of  Nature  an  indissoluble  iinion  between  virtue  and 
happiness,  between  duty  and  advantage,  between  the  genuine 
maxims  of  an  honest  and  magnanimous  policy,  and  the  solid  re- 
wards of  public  prosperity  and  felicity ;  since  we  ought  to  be  no 
less  persuaded  that  the  propitious  smiles  of  Heaven  can  never  be 
expected  on  a  nation  that  disregards  the  eternal  rules  of  order  and 
right,  which  Heaven  itself  has  ordained;  and  since  the  preserva- 
tion of  the  sacred  fire  of  liberty  and  the  chastening  of  the  Repub- 
lican model  of  government  are  justly  considered  as  deeply,  per- 
haps as  finally  staked  on  the  experiment  intrusted  to  the  hands  of  • 
the  American  people. 

"  But  if  it  is  the  ordinary  objections  submitted  to  your  care,  it 
will  remain  to  your  judgment  to  decide  how  far  an  exercise  of  an 
occasional  power,  delegated  by  the  Fifth  Article  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, is  rendered  expedient  at  the  present  juncture  by  the  nature 
of  the  objections  which  have  been  urged  against  the  system,  or  by 
the  degree  of  neglect  which  has  given  birth  to  them.  Instead  of 
undertaking  particular  recommendations  on  this  subject  in  which 
I  could  be  guided  by  no  lights  derived  from  official  opportunity,  I 
shall  again  give  way  to  my  entire  confidence  in  your  discernment, 
and  pursuit  of  the  public  good ;  for  I  assure  myself  that  while  you 
carefully  avoid  every  altercation  which  might  endanger  the  bene- 
fits of  a  united  and  effective  government,  or  which  ought  to  await 
the  future  lessons  of  experience  and  reverence  for  the  character- 
istic rights  of  free  men  and  a  regard  for  the  public  harmony  will 
sufficiently  influence  your  deliberations  on  the  question  of  hov* 
far  the  former  can  be  more  impregnably  fortified,  or  the  latter  be 
safely  and  advantageously  promoted. 


THE  INAUGURAL  ADDRESS  OF  PRESIDENT  GEORGE  WASHINGTON. 


14 

"  With  the  preceding  observations  I  have  one  to  add  which  will 
be  most  properly  addressed  to  the  House  of  Repsesentativcs.  And 
as  it  concerns  myself,  will  therefore  tie  as  brief  as  possible. 
When  I  was  first  honored  with  a  call  into  the  service  of  my  coun- 
try, then  on  »he  eve  of  an  arduous  struggle  for  its  liberties,  the 
light  in  which  I  contemplated  my  duty  required  that  I  should  re- 
nounce eTCry  pecuniary  compensation.  From  this  resolution  I 
have  in  do  instance  departed.  And  being  still  under  the  impres- 
sion which  produced  it  I  must  decline  as  inapplicable  to  myself 
any  share  in  the  personal  emoluments  which  may  be  indispensably 
included  in  a  permanent  provision  of  the  Executive  Department, 
and  must  accordingly  pray  that  the  pecuniary  estimates  for  the 
station  in  which  I  am  placed,  may.  during  my  continuance  in  it, 


be  limited  to  such  actual  expenditures  as  the  public  good  may  be 
thought  to  require. 

"  Having  thus  imparted  to  you  my  sentiments  as  they  have 
been  awakened  by  the  occasion  which  brings  us  together,  I  shall 
take  my  present  leave ;  but  not  without  resorting  once  more  to 
the  Benign  Parent  of  the  human  race  in  humble  supplication  that 
since  ho  has  been  pleased  to  favor  the  American  people  with  op- 
portunities for  deliberating  in  perfect  tranquillity,  and  disposition 
for  deciding  with  unparalleled  unanimity  on  a  form  of  government 
for  the  security  of  their  Union  and  the  advancement  of  their  hap- 
piness, so  his  divine  blessing  may  be  equally  conspicuous  in  the 
enlarged  views,  the  temperate  consultations,  and  the  wise  meas- 
ures on  which  the  success  of  this  nation  must  depend." 


THE    SEMI-CENTENNIAL    OF    WASHINGTON'S  INAU- 
GURATION. 


The  Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  the  Inauguration  of  George 
Washington,  as  President  of  the  United  States,  was  cele- 
brated in  New  York  on  April  30th,  1839.  The  arrange- 
ments for  the  celebration  were  made  tinder  the  direction  of 
the  New  York  Historical  Society.  The  Committee  of  Ar- 
rangements, appointed  by  the  Society,  invited  John  Quincy 
Adams  to  deliver  the  oration,  and  in  selecting  the  building 
where  the  oration  should  be  delivered,  naturally  turned  to 
St.  Paul's  Church.  In  a  letter  addressed  by  the  Commit- 
tee "  to  the  Rector,  Wardens  and  Vestrymen  of  Trinity 
Church,"  it  is  stated  that  "  it  appears  that  on  the  day  of 
the  Inauguration  of  General  Washington  the  officers  of 
the  Government,  both  Houses  of  Congress  and  the  Foreign 
Ministers  went  in  procession  to  St.  Paul's  to  hear  divine 
service  and  a  discourse  suitable  to  the  occasion.  In  cele- 
brating that  event,  after  the  lapse  of  fifty  years,  during 
which  the  nation,  under  guidance  of  Presidents,  has  real- 
ized beyond  all  expectation  the  joys  anticipated  from  the 
formation  of  our  Government,  the  Committee  are  strongly 
impressed  with  the  propriety  of  assembling  in  the  vener- 
al  le  edifice,  where  half  a  century  since  our  pious  ancestors 
invoked  a  divine  blessing  upon  their  solemn  undertaking. 
With  that  view  the  undersigned  would  respectfully  ask 
the  use  of  the  church  on  the  30th instant,  for  the  perform- 
ance of  public  service,  and  the  delivery  of  the  address  by 
the  late  President  of  the  United  States."  The  letter,  dated 
April  8th,  1839,  was  signed  by  the  Chairman,  John  Blunt, 
and  by  Samuel  R.  Betts,  William  B.  Lawrence  and  Wil- 
liam L.  Campbell. 

But  the  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  declined  the  application 
of  the  Committee  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society  for  the 
use  of  St.  Paul's  chapel,  and  application  was  therefore 
made  to  the  Consistory  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
for  the  use  of  the  Middle  Dutch  Church  in  Cedar  Street, 
where  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  building  now 
stands,  and  the  Consistory  unanimously  resolved  to  grant 
the  request  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society. 

Many  gentlemen  of  distinction  throughout  the  country 
were  invited  to  attend  the  celebration,  and  among  those 
who  accepted  the  invitation  were  Governor  Ellsworth,  of 
Connecticut,  Governor  Pennington,  of  New  Jersey,  Chan- 
cellor Walworth,  Chief-Justice  Taney,  Associate-Justice 
Storey,  Col.  John  Trumbull  and  Jared  Sparks. 

Fifty  years  ago  the  30th  of  April  occurred  on  the  same 


day  of  the  week.  Tuesday,  as  it  will  during  the  present 
year,  1889,  and  John  Quincy  Adams  arrived  in  New  York 
on  Monday,  April  29th,  the  same  day  of  the  week  and 
month  in  which  President  Harrison  is  expected  to  arrive 
in  New  York. 

Peter  Gerard  Stuyvesant,  the  President  of  the  New 
York  Historical  Society,  entertained  President  Adams  and 
a  iarge  number  of  the  members  of  the  Historical  Society 
at  the  Society  Rooms,  which  were  then  in  the  Stuyvesant 
Institute,  situated  at  659  Broadway. 

On  Tuesday.  April  30th,  at  11  o'clock,  the  members  of 
the  Historical  Society  and  invited  guests  assembled  at  the 
City  Hotel,  at  115  Broadway,  where  the  Boreel  Building 
now  stands,  and  paid  their  respects  to  the  distinguished 
guests,  the  most  illustrious  of  whom  were  the  Revolution- 
ary heroes  and  the  venerable  orator,  ex-President  John 
Quincy  Adams. 

Among  the  other  gentlemen  of  distinction  present  were 
Col.  John  Trumbull;  Gen.  Morgan  Lewis,  Grand  Marshal  at 
Washington's  Inauguration  in  1789;  Mr.  Justice  Thompson, 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States;  His  Excellency, 
William  Pennington,  Governor  of  New  Jersey;  Hon.  Sam- 
uel L.  Southard,  of  the  United  States  Senate;  Maj.-Gen. 
Winneld  Scott,  and  suite,  of  the  United  States  Army;  Com. 
Alexander  Claxton,  of  the  United  States  Navy;  Hon.  John 
Davis,  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Mas- 
sachusetts; Baron  de  Roenne,  late  Charg  d'Affaires  for 
Prussia;  Hon.  William  A.  Duer,  President  of  Columbia 
College;  Albert  Smith,  Member  of  Congress  from  Maine; 
Nathan  Appleton,  late  Member  of  Congress  from  Boston; 
William  S.  Hastings.  Member  of  Congress  from  3Iassachu- 
setts:  Daniel  D.  Barnard,  Member  of  Congress  from  Al- 
bany; Elisha  Whittlesey,  Member  of  Congress  from  Ohio; 
John  Howland,  President  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical 
Society;  William  Willis,  of  the  Maine  Historical  Society, 
and  Jacob  B.  Moore,  of  the  New  Hampshire  Historical  So- 
ciety. 

At  twelve  o'clock  the  company  proceeded  to  the  Middle 
Dutch  Church,  in  Cedar  Street.  Tickets  of  admission  to 
the  church  were  required.  A  temporary  stage  was  erected 
in  front  of  the  pulpit  for  the  convenience  of  invited  guests, 
and  on  the  stage  was  placed  the  same  chair  which  George 
Washington  occupied  at  Federal  Hall  on  the  day  of  his 
Inauguration.    This  very  chair  it  is  proposed  to  have 


16 


THE  SEMI-CENTENNIAL  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


President  Harrison  occtipy  during  the  Literary  Exercises 
on  the  steps  of  the  Sub-Treasury  on  April  30th.  Mr. 
Adams  sat  in  the  chair  used  by  Washington.  On  the  right 
sat  Peter  Gerard  Stuyvcsant,  tlic  President  of  the  New- 
York  Historical  Society,  and  on  the  left,  Philip  Hone,  one 
of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Society. 

The  exercises  were  opened  by  prayer  by  the  Rev.  John 
Knox,  D.D.,  one  of  the  Associate  Pastors  of  the  Dutch 
Collegiate  Church.  The  following  Ode,  written  for  the 
occasion  by  William  Cullen  Bryant,  was  then  sung  by  the 
entire  audience,  to  the  tune  of  Old  Hundred: 

"  Great  were  the  hearts  and  strong  the  minds 
Of  thoso  who  framed  in  high  debate 
The  immortal  league  of  love  that  binds 
Our  fair  broad  empire  state  with  state. 

"  And  ever  hallowed  be  the  hour 

When,  as  the  auspicious  task  was  done, 
A  nation's  gift,  the  sword  of  power, 

Was  given  to  glory's  unspoiled  sen.  • 

"  That  noble  race  is  gone  ;  the  suns 
Of  fifty  years  have  risen  and  set ; 
The  holy  links  those  mighty  ones 

Had  forged  and  kuit,  are  brighter  yet. 

*'  Wide — as  our-  own  free  race  increase  — 
Wide  shall  it  stretch  the  elastic  chain, 
And  bind,  in  everlasting  peace, 
State  after  state,  a  mighty  train." 

Mr.  Adams  occupied-  about  two  hours  in  the  delivery  of 
his  oration,  in  the  course  of  which  he  said: 

"  And  on  that  day  of  which  you  now  commemorate  the  Fiftieth 
Anniversary,  on  that  30th  day  of  April,  1789,  was  this  mighty  rev- 
olution, not  only  in  the  affairs  of  our  country,  but  in  the  princi- 
ples of  government  over  civilized  man,  accomplished.  The  Revo- 
lution  itself  was  the  work  of  thirteen  years — and  had  never  been 
completed  until  that  day.  The  Declaration  of  Independence  and 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  are  parts  of  one  consistent 
whole,  founded  upon  one  and  the  same  theory  of  government." 

The  exercises  were  brought  to  a  close  by  prayer  and 
benediction  by  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Wainwright,  D.D.,  of  Trin- 
ity Church. 

In  response  to  a  toast  at  the  dinner  in  the  evening,  at- 
tended by  300  guests,  at  the  City  Hotel,  Mr.  Adams  in  the 
course  of  his  remarks,  in  comparing  the  year  1839  with  the 
year  1789,  said : 

"  Our  days  of  enjoyment  are  better  than  theirs,  but  our  days 
of  enjoyment  are  the  fruits  of  their  days  of  toil,  of  danger,  of  suf- 
fering, of  lofty  and  generous  exertion  ;  and  can  I  choose  but  be 
reminded  of  them  when  I  see  at  your  side  (Gen.  Morgan  Lewis 
was  seated  next  to  the  President),  and  at  mine  (Col.  John  Trum- 
bull), relics  of  those  trying  times,  conspicuous  as  actors  in  the 
di-ama  of  those  days,  and  still  worthy  representatives  of  them?" 

Other  toasts  at  the  banquet  were  responded  to  by  Ma- 

jor-General  Scott  and  President  Duer,  of  Columbia  Col- 


lege. Gen.  Morgan  Lewis,  the  Marshal,  as  before  stated, 
on  the  30th  of  April,  1789,  and  who  had  since  filled  many 
important  offices,  including  that  of  Governor  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  was  also  called  upon  to  respond  to  a  toast, 
a  d  in  acknowledgment  gave  the  following  sentiment: 

"  Our  Country — her  progressive  prosperity  from  the  epoch  we 
this  day  celebrate,  affords  the  best  comment  on  her  form  of  gov- 
ernment and  its  general  administration." 

"William  Willis,  of  Portland,  a  delegate  from  the  Maine 
Historical  Society,  in  closing  his  speech  proposed  the  fol- 
lowing sentiment,  referring  to  the  celebration  of  the  One 
Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Inauguration  of  "Washing- 
ton : 

"  The  next  Fifty  Years'  Jubilee  of  the  New  York  Historical  So- 
ciety— May  it  find  our  National  Banner  continuing  to  float  over 
an  undivided  republic,  and  our  motto  still  be,  '  One  country,  one 
constitution,  one  destiny.'  "  * 

John  Quincy  Adams  wrote  as  follows  in  his  diary,  re- 
garding what  he  did  in  New  York  on  April  30th,  1839 : 

"  At  six  this  morning  Charles  came  into  my  chamber  from 
Boston.    The  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  Parkman  and  W.  P.  Lunt,  Nathan 

Appleton,    Southworth,    Dawes,    and    from  Oberlin 

Seminary,  in  Ohio,  for  subscriptions,  recommendations  and 
books.  At  eleven  a.m.,  meeting  of  the  Historical  Society  at  the 
City  Hotel.  At  noon,  short  procession  to  Middle  Dutch  Church, 
corner  of  Nassau  Street.  Prayer  by  the  pastor ;  ode  by  the  choir. 
I  delivered  an  address  of  two  hours ;  well  received.  Crowded 
church.  Mr.  D.  Duer,  President  of  the  Columbia  College,  accom- 
panied me  to  my  lodgings.  I  then  went  with  him  and  Charles  to 
the  College  ;  saw  the  library,  and  portraits  of  Presidents  and  Pro- 
fessors. Return  to  my  lodgings  ;  two  hours  repose.  At  five  p.m., 
dinner  at  the  City  Hotel  of  300  persons — Judge  Davis,  Morgan 
Lewis,  Colonel  Trumbull,  Captain  Gallagher,  Samuel  L.  South- 
ard, General  Scott,  President  Duer,  L.  Hastings,  N.  Appleton  and 
many  others.    Speeches  at  the  dinner.    Left  the  hall  eleven  p.m." 

A  quotation  from  "The  Jubilee  of  the  Constitution," 
a  book  which  gives  a  full  account  of  the  Semi-Centennial 
of  Washington's  Inauguration  shows  how  April  30th,  1839, 
ended  : 

"  In  the  course  of  the  evening,  a  fine  transparency,  represent- 
ing old  Federal  Hall,  formerly  standing  on  the  corner  of  Walland 
Nassau  Streets,  the  scene  of  Washington's  Inauguration,  was  dis- 
closed by  the  withdrawal  of  a  curtain  at  the  upper  end  of  the  hall, 
and  produced  a  brilliant  effect.  The  figures  of  Washington  and 
Chancellor  Livingston  were  seen  in  the  balcony,  the  one  laying 
his  hand  upon  the  book,  while  the  other  administered  the  oath  of 
office  in  the  presence  of  a  vast  concourse  of  people.  The  painting 
was  extremely  well  executed,  and,  taking  the  company  by  surprise, 
drew  forth  long  and  loud  applause.  The  hall  was  also  decorated 
with  copies  of  Stuart's  portraits  of  the  first  five  Presidents  of  the 
United  States — copies  painted  by  Stuart  himself.  The  festivities 
were  continued  to  a  late  hour,  and  brought  to  a  brilliant  close  the 
commemoration  of  a  day  long  to  be  remembered  in  the  annals  of 
our  country's  happiness  and  prosperity." 

*  See  "The  Jubilee  of  the  Constitution." 


THE  CELEBRATION  OF  THE   ONE  HUNDREDTH  ANNI- 
VERSARY   OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


In  April,  of  1875,  occurred  the  Centennial  of  the  Battle 
of  Lexington.  Afterward  came  the  Bunker  Hill  celebra- 
tion of  June  17th,  1875,  and  the  great  celebration  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  in  Philadelphia  in  1876. 
Since  then  have  taken  place  the  Yorktown  Centennial  cele- 
bration, the  Evacuation  Day  celebration,  the  celebration  of 
the  formation  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and 
other  similar  centennial  celebrations.  The  last  of  the  cen- 
tennials is  the  One  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Inaugu- 
ration of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United 
States.  The  formation  of  the  Constitution  was  the  out- 
growth of  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  but  the  cap- 
ping to  the  foundations  that  were  laid  in  177G  occurred 
thirteen  years  later,  when  the  first  President  of  the  United 
States  was  inaugurated.  This  historic  ceremony  was  the 
final  sett.ng  in  motion  the  wheels  of  government.  The 
United  States  of  America  then  became  a  reality  in  every 
sense  of  the  word. 

It  seemed  fitting,  therefore,  that  an  event  so  august  as 
the  inauguration  of  "Washington  should  be  grandly  cele- 
brated, and  a  history  of  the  origin  and  growth  of  the  move- 
ment to  celebrate  this  last  of  the  centennials  cannot  fail  to 
interest. 

On  the  evening  of  March  4th,  1884,  at  a  stated  meeting 
of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  the  following  resolu- 
tions were  unanimously  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  New  York  Historical  Society  will  cele- 
brate the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Inauguration  of  George 
Washington  as  President  of  the  United  States  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  1789. 

"Resolved,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee 
to  take  such  action  as  may  be  necessary  and  expedient,  and  in  due 
time  report  a  plan  to  carry  out  the  purpose  of  the  Society  in  a 
manner  suitable  to  the  occasion — the  commemoration  of  the  most 
important  event  in  the  history  of  the  City,  the  State  and  the 
Nation." 

To  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  therefore,  belongs 
the  credit  of  initiating  the  Centennial  as  well  as  the  Semi- 
centennial celebration  of  Washington's  Inauguration. 

On  February  4th,  1886,  at  the  regular  monthly  meeting 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  New  York,  Nathaniel 
Niles,  a  member  of  the  Chamber,  spoke  as  follows: 

"  Mr.  President,  it  is  generally  known  that  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  1789,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  the  first  Congress  of  the 
United  States  under  the  Constitution  was  held,  and  the  first  Presi- 
dent was  inaugurated.  It  was  the  birthday  of  the  Government  of 
the  United  States.  The  30th  day  of  April,  1889,  will  be  the  cen- 
tennial anniversary  of  those  events  and  all  their  noble  surround- 
ings. It  would  seem  fit  that  the  day  should  be  properly  celebrated. 
I  therefore  beg  to  offer  the  following  resolution  : 

"  Whereas,  The  30th  day  of  April,  1889,  will  De  the  Centennial 


Anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  Constitutional  Government 
of  the  United  States,  of  the  first  meeting  of  Congress,  and  of  the 
Inauguration  of  General  Washington  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
therefore, 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the 
Chair  to  consider  and  report  what  action,  if  any,  should  be  taken 
toward  securing  a  proper  celebration  of  the  clay  and  of  the  great 
events  immediately  surrounding  it." 

The  following  committee,  in  accordance  with  the  above 
resolution,  was  appointed: 

Nathaniel  Niles,  Daniel  C.  Robbins, 

Charles  S.  Smith,  Riciiap.d  A.  McCl*kdy, 

William  H.  Roberts. 

In  the  records  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the 
meeting  of  the  Chamber  for  April  1st.  1886,  the  following 
entry  appears : 

"  Mr.  Nathaniel  Niles,  Chairman  ol  the  Special  Committee  ap- 
pointed on  the  4th  of  February  last  to  consider  and  report  what 
action,  if  Any,  should  be  taken  by  the  Chamber  toward  securing  a 
proper  celebration  of  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  organiza- 
tion in  this  city  of  the  Constitutional  Government  of  the  United 
States  and  the  Inauguration  of  Washington  as  first  President, 
submitted  the  following  report : 

"To  the  Chamber  of  Commerce: — Your  Committee,  ap- 
pointed on  February  4th  to  consider  and  report  what  action,  if 
any,  should  be  taken  toward  securing  a  proper  celebration  of  the 
Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  Constitutional 
Government  of  the  United  States,  of  the  first  meeting  of  Congress 
and  of  the  Inauguration  of  General  Washington  as  the  first  Presi- 
dent, in  this  city,  which  will  occur  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1889, 
respectfully  report  that  they  have  carefully  considered  the  subject, 
and  beg  to  offer  the  following  preamble  and  resolution  : 

"  Whereas,  The  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  organization 
of  the  Constitutional  Government  of  the  United  States,  of  the  first 
meeting  of  Congress  and  of  the  Inauguration  of  General  Wash- 
ington as  President  of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  New 
l'ork,  will  occur  on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1889,  and 

Whereas,  It  is  proper  that  the  anniversary  of  these  great 
national  events  should  be  properly  observed,  therefore 

"  Resolved,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  by  this  Chamber 
to  prepare  a  bill  to  be  presented  to  Congress  for  the  purpose  of  se- 
curing the  following  objects : 

"  1.  That  the  day  referred  to  shall  be  made  for  the  purpose  of 
this  celebration,  to  wit,  the  30th  day  of  April,  1889,  a  national  hol- 
iday. 

"  2.  That  Congress  shall  be  asked  to  make  a  suitable  appropri- 
ation for  the  purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  the  proposed  celebra- 
tion, and  that  the  President  be  authorized  to  invite  foreign  powers 
to  send  representatives  as  guests  of  the  nation. 

"  3.  That  the  Committee  be  requested  to  bring  the  matter  to 
the  attention  of  the  Governor  of  this  State,  and  that  the  Legisla- 
ture be  also  requested  to  make  an  appropriation  to  carry  the  same 
into  effect. 

"4.  That  the  Committee  be  formally  requested  to  invite  the 
co-operation  of  the  Mayor,  Aldermen  and  Commonalty  of  the  City 
of  New  York. 

"5.  That  an  invitation  be  extended  to  the  Governors  of  the 
various  states  and  territories  of  the  Union  to  send  delegations  to 


13 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MOVEMENT  TO  CELEBRATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH 


take  part  la  the  proposed  celebration,  and  otherwise  aid  the  same 
as  may  bo  deemed  by  them  expedient  and  proper. 

"  Signed  Nathaniel  Niles, 

Chakles  Smith, 
Daniel  C.  Robbins, 
Richard  A.  McCurdy, 
William  II.  Roberts. 
"  New  York,  March  23d,  188G.  Special  Committee. 

"  On  motion  of  Mr.  James  S.  T.  Stranahan,  the  report  was  ac- 
cepted, and  the  resolution  unanimously  adopted." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  oil  May  6th, 
1886,  the  President  named  the  following  gentlemen  as  a 
Special  Committee  on  the  Celebration  of  the  Centennial 
Auniversary  of  the  organization  in  this  ity  of  the  Consti- 
tutional Government  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Iua  'gu- 
ration  of  Washington  as  the  first  President : 

Levi  P.  Morton,  William  H.  Robertson, 

Samuel  D.  Bibcock,      Jackson  S.  -  chultz, 
Nathaniel  Niles,         Enoch  L.  Fancher, 

HlCIIARD  A.  McC'URDY,    GuSTAV  SCHWAB, 

Daniel  C.  Robbixs,      John  Sloan, 
Franklin  Edson,  Leg  hand  B.  Cannon, 

Chaunc  iy  M.  Dep  w,  Orlando  B.  Potter, 
Hen  y  IIentz,  Co  cnelics  N.  Bliss, 

A.  F  ster  Higgins,       William  E.  Dodge, 
Francis  B.  Thttbbe-?,     William  B.  Dinsmore, 
Benjamin  G.  Arnold,    Erastus  Wiman. 
Jonx  H.  Inman,  Charles  Waltkocs, 

Vernon  H.  Brown. 
James  M.  Brown,  the  President  of  the  Cnamber,  was 
made  Chai  man  of  the  Committee. 

The  action  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  confined 
to  the  reports  above  indicated.  The  Committee  once  or 
twice  made  a  formal  report  of  progress.  But  when  the 
movement  to  celebrate  the  Centennial  of  Washington's  In- 
auguration had  faken  form  under  outside  auspices,  it  was 
thought  b  st  by  the  Chamber  to  relinquish  all  attempts  at 
a  s?parate  celebration.  The  Committ  e  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  was  subsequently  merged  ii  the  Committee  of 
Citizens. 

To  Col.  Jesse  E.  Peyton,  of  HaddonSeld,  N.  J.,  is  due 
the  credit  of  initia  ing  the  movement  whereby  th ;  C  :m- 
mittee  of  Citizens  of  New  York  was  organized  to  make 
preparations  for  the  celebration.  Colonel  P.yton  pr  spared 
resolutions  which  were  introdue  1  in  the  L  gislature  of  the 
S  ate  of  Tenn  ssee,  in  1883.* 


■  The  bill  regarding  tlie  Centennial  of  Wa-hington's  Inauguration 
■wa  >  signed  by  Wm.  B.  Bates,  Governor  of  the  state  of  Tennessee  on 
March  19th,  1893,  anil  is  as  follows  : 


"  State  of  Tennessee,  1 
Forty-third  General  Assembly.  > 
House  Joint  Resolution,  No.  IBl.j 


"Joint  Resolutions  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  State  of  Tennessee,  to  encourage  an  appropriate  Anniversary  Cele- 
bration of  the  Inauguration  of  President  Washington,  the  first  Presi- 
dent elected  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United  states,  to  be  neld  in 
the  City  of  New  Yorx,  in  18S9. 

"Whereas,  The  Inauguration  of  General  George  Washington,  in 
the  City  of  New  York,  a.d.  1TS9,  and  the  establishment  of  Constitu- 
tional Government,  through  which  Government  we  have  held  for  a 


In  the  fall  of  1387  Colonel  Peyton  visited  >ew  York 
and  confe  red  wi  h  the  late  Algernon  S.  Sullivan  re- 
garding the  desi  ability  of  celebrating  in  1889  the  Inaugu- 
ration of  1789.  As  the  result  of  such  conferences  Colonel 
Peyton  drew  up  a  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  New 
York,  and  obtained  numerous  signatures  thereto.  The 
following  is  the  call,  including  the  list  of  signatures: 

"  New  York,  Oct.  10th,  1887. 

"  Through  the  press,  and  by  the  action  of  prominent  public 
societies,  it  is  understood  that  a  general  d  sire  exists  to  celebrate 
in  New  York  in  the  year  1883  the  Centennial  of  the  Inauguration 
of  the  United  States  Government. 

"  That  event  took  place  April  30th.  1789,  when  the  First  Con- 
gress was  in  session  in  this  city,  and  wh  n  Washington  took  the 
oath  of  office  as  first  President. 

"  The  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Tennessee  has  recently  passed 
joint  resolutions  recommending  that  arrangements  bo  made  for 
such  a  celebration,  in  which  the  people  of  all  the  states  and  terri- 
tories of  the  American  Union  shall  take  part,  and  also  requesting 
the  Governor  of  Tennessee  to  communicate  the  resolutions  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  and  to  the  Governors  of  all  the 
stat  s  and  territories,  to  the  end  that  the  celebration  shall  be  na- 
tional. 

"  If  the  celebration  is  to  be  of  character  and  proportions 
worthy  its  subject  and  worthy  of  New  York,  it  would  seem  that  no 
time  is  to  be  lost  m  organizing  here  the  necessary  agencies  and 
plans  among  our  citizens. 

"  The  undersigned,  therefore,  who  are  in  sympathy  with  the 
proposed  celebration,  will  meet  other  citizens  at  such  time  as  shall 
bo  designated,  to  consider  the  /natter  and  take  such  action  in  the 
premises  as  may  be  deemed  suitable : 


Algernon  S.  Sullivan, 
James  C.  Spencer, 
B.  II.  Bristow, 
Elbridge  T.  Gerry, 
Wilson  G.  Hunt, 


K.  W.  Cannon, 
James  D.  Smith, 
Geo.  H.  Potts, 
William  Down, 
D.  A.  Heald, 


century,  treaty  and  commercial  relations  with  the  people  of  ail  nitions 
and  governments,  and  through  which  the  States  have  generally  enjoyed 
the  rights  reserved,  and  those  ce  led  to  the  Federal  Government  and 
which  are  now  unmirred  by  sentiment  or  section, 

"Rtso'.ved,  That  we  reommen  1  that  preliminary  arrangements  be 
made  for  celebrating  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  most  im- 
portant event  that  has  ever  occurred  with  the  American  people,  in  the 
City  of  New  York,  by  the  holding  of  a  National  and  International  Ex- 
hibition of  Science,  Art,  Industry,  Manufactures,  Agricultural,  Mineral 
and  all  other  resources  developed  and  undeveloped  of  our  country,  evi- 
dencing intelligent  progress  made  under  c  institutional  government  by 
the  people  of  the  United  States  within  the  first  century. 

"  Resoived,  That  the  assembling  of  the  people  of  the  States  and  Ter- 
ritories of  the  American  Union  and  of  all  nations,  affords  a  means  of 
education  not  otherwise  attainable. 

'•  Resolved,  That  we  commend  th2  impirtance  of  the  subject  to  His 
Excellency,  the  President  of  the  United  states,  and  request  that  he  call 
the  attention  of  Congress  to  it  in  his  next  annual  message. 

"  Resolved,  That  we  commend  the  subject  to  the  people  of  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  and  earnestly  urge  that  they  give  it  timely  and  important 
consideration,  that  they  may  be  prepared  to  show  to  the  capitalists  of 
the  world  evidences  of  the  advantages  of  climate,  agricultural,  manu- 
factories, mineral  and  other  resources  of  the  State. 

"  Resolved,  That  His  Excelleucy,  the  Governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth be,  and  is  hereby  requeste  1  to  forward  a  printed  copy  of  this 
preamble  and  resolution  to  His  Excellency,  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Territories. 

"Adopted  March  13th,  1888. 

"  \V.  L.  I.EWiERWOOn, 

"Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
"  B.  F.  Alexander, 

"  Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

"  Approved  March  19th,  18S3. 
"  Wm  B.  Bate, 

"  Governor." 


ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


1& 


Chas.  Geo.  Wilson, 
Joseph  H.  Choate, 

F.  R.  Coudert, 
Jno.  Jay  Knox, 
Henry  Hall, 
Geo.  W.  McLean, 
C.  N.  Jordan, 

O.  D.  Baldwin, 
Richard  W.  Gilder, 
Henry  E.  Russell, 
Sargent  &  Co., 
A.  C.  Cheney, 
Donald  Mackay, 
Edward  Schell, 
Brayton  Ives, 

G.  G.  Williams, 
Wm.  P.  Clyde, 
A.  D.  Shepard, 
John  S.  Kennedy, 
Richard  Kino, 

Wm.  H.  Tillinghast, 
Robert  Olyphant, 
J.  Pierrepont  Morgan, 
Thos.  C.  Acton, 

C.  W.  Starkey, 
F.  P.  Olcott, 
Edwards  Pierrepont, 
Wm.  Allen  Butler, 
Chas.  M.  Fry, 

John  A.  Stewart, 
J.  D.  Vermtlye, 
F.  D.  Tappen, 
Horace  Porter, 
Levi  P.  Morton, 

D.  Huntington, 
Chauncey  M.  Depew, 
J.  J.  Astor, 
Edward  S.  J  affray, 
Wm.  H.  Appleton, 
John  Clafflin, 
Lawrence  &  Co., 
Alfred  Ray, 
Walter  H.  Lewis, 
Wm.  C.  Langley, 

A.  D.  Juilliard, 
W.  L.  Strong, 
Tefft,  Weller  &  Co., 
Sweetser,  Pembrook  &  Co. 
John  F.  Plummer, 

H.  R.  Bishop, 
D.  O.  Mills, 
,S.  V.  White, 

Van  Rexssel 


J 


Henry  A.  Oakley, 

B.  S.  Walcott, 
David  Adee, 
Jno.  H.  Washburn, 
Chas.  Lanier, 
J.  A.  Bostwick, 
Norvin  Green. 
Richard  A.  McCurdy, 
Tiffany  &  Co., 
Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 
Gorham  Mfg.  Co., 
By  Edward  Holbbook, 
The  Singer  Mfg.  Co.,) 

F.  G.  Bourne,  Sec,  > 
Meriden  Britannia  Co. 
Jno.  G.  Bacon,  M'g'r. 
Wm.  Woodward,  Jr.. 

C.  J.  Canda, 
A.  E.  Bateman, 
Joseph  W.  Harper, 
Daniel  Manning, 
Samuel  D.  Babcock, 
Wm.  T.  Dixon, 
W.  E.  Dodge, 
Edw.  Cooper, 

American  Bank  Note  Co.,^ 
By  J.  Macdonough,  Pres.,) 
Samuel  Carpenter, 
Elliott  F.  Shepard, 
Thos.  L.  James, 
Jno.  H.'Flagg, 
L.  J.  N.  Stark, 
William  Jay, 
George  F.  Baker, 
Franklin  Edson, 
Gustav  Schwab, 
James  F.  Wenman, 

D.  F.  Appleton, 
John  Newton, 
C.  H.  De  Lamater, 

G.  H.  Robinson, 
Geo.  S.  Coe, 
Logan  C.  Murray, 
James  Swanx, 
A.  R.  Whitney, 
W.  Rockhill  Potts, 

H.  W.  Webb, 
J.  H.  Van  Antwerp, 
John  King, 
roscoe  conkling, 
Henry  Villard, 
W.  H.  Starbuck, 

aer  Kennedy. 


BROOKLYN. 


Richard  S.  Storrs, 
Henry  E.  Pierrepont, 
Ripley  Ropes, 
John  W.  Hunter, 
Gordon  L.  Ford, 
A.  A.  Low, 


A.  E.  Orr, 
Chas.  A.  Townsend, 
Henry  W.  Maxwell, 
H.  C.  Duval, 
Richard  Major. 
Jos.  F.  Knapp." 

In  accordance  with  the  above  call  a  meeting  of  the  citi- 
zens of  New  York  who  favored  the  p-oposed  Centennial 
•Celebration  was  held  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel  on  the 
■evening  of  November  10th,  1887.  Among  those  present 
were : 

Al'ernon  S.  Sullivan, 
John  Jay  Knox, 
O.  D.  Baldwin, 


R'.chahd  Watson  Gilder, 
Logan  C.  Murk  at, 
Elliott  F.  Shepard, 
Orlando  B.  Potter. 
C.  J.  Canda, 
Gordon  L.  Ford, 


Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
James  C.  Spencer, 
■James  C.  Carter, 


Alfred  C.  Cheney. 
^N  athaniel  Niles, 
John  A.  King, 
Edward  Holbrook 
James  McKeen, 
Col.  Jes  e  E.  Peyton. 
Clarence  W.  Bowen. 
Hampton  L.  Carson,  Secretary  of  the  Constitutional 
Centennial  Commission,  was  a  so  by  invitation  present. 

Mayor  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  on  being  elected  Chairman, 
spoke  of  the  purposes  for  which  the  gentlemen  present  had 
gathered,  alluded  to  the  cha-acter  and  influe  ce  of  Wash- 
ington, and  hoped  that  the  Ceitennia'  Anniversary  of 
Washington'?  Inauguration  as  President  of  the  United 
States  wouk«  be  nationa'  in  scope  and  based  upon  the 
loftiest  ideas  and  most  patriotic  principles.  Ths  speech  of 
Mayor  Hewitt  is  given  in  full  below  : 

"  We  have  been  living  in  a  sort  of  Centennial  era  for  the  last 
fourteen  or  fifteen  years,  and  have  celebrated  a  great  many  events 
in  that  time  of  more  or  less  consequence  ;  but  I  suppose  that  ev- 
erybody will  agree  that  the  celebration  in  1S76  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  was  an  eminently  proper  subject  for  the  people 
of  the  United  States  not  only  themselves  to  rejoice  over,  but  for 
all  the  world  to  feel  an  interest  in,  and  hence  that  celebration  was 
very  properly  an  international  one.  It  was  inaugurated  on  an  in- 
vitation addressed  to  all  the  nations  of  the  world  on  the  part  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States,  to  come  and  rejoice  with  us 
that,  a  hundred  years  before,  they,  with  the  single  exception  of  the 
mother-country,  had  admitted  us  into  the  great  circle  of  nations. 
But  you  know  the  Declaration  of  Independence  did  not  create  this 
nation  ;  that  the  struggle  which  followed  it  made  thirteen  free  and 
independent  states,  literally  independent  of  each  other;  that  the 
nation  did  not  exist.  The  nation  was  born  later.  Its  birthday 
occurred  in  this  city  when  George  Washington,  or  the  30th  of 
April,  1789,  in  Wall  Street,  where  his  statue  now  stands,  took  the 
oath  of  office  as  the  first  President  of  the  United  States.  The  cel- 
ebration which  ocjurred  in  Philadelphia  several  months  ago  was 
the  Anniversary  of  the  signing  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  That  was  a  celebration  very  properly  made  in  Philadel- 
phia, as  the  place  where  the  Constitution  was  framed,  and  was  the 
work  of  the  thirteen  original  states  which  formed  that  Constitu- 
tion. It  was  not  a  national  celebration.  It  ought  not  to  have 
been  a  national  celebration,  because,  as  I  said  before,  the  nation 
in  1787  did  not  exist.  Now  we  come  to  the  event  which  really  pro- 
duced the  nation.  I  know  that  various  constructions  of  the  Con- 
stitution were  debated  for  nearly  a  whole  century,  certainly  for 
three-quarters  of  a  century,  in  which  if  was  contended  that  a  na- 
tion had  not  been  born;  but  it  is  quite  certain  that  there  is  no 
question  on  that  subject  now,  and  nobody  will  deny  that  now  we 
have  a  nation  known  as  the  United  States  of  America.  The  cele- 
bration, therefore,  that  we  shall  make  of  that  event,  ought  not  to 
be  local ;  it  ought  not  to  be  confined  to  the  thirteen  original  states; 
it  ought  not  to  be  international,  because  the  international  re- 
lations of  this  country  were  celebrated  in  1876 ;  but  it  ought  to  be 
national,  taking  in  every  State  in  this  Union,  taking  in  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  taking  in  especially  the  State  of 
New  York  and  the  City  of  New  York,  which  had  the  honor  of  giv- 
ing birth  to  the  nation. 

"  The  State  of  New  York  is  peculiarly  interested  in  this  matter, 
because  to  it  belongs  the  honor  of  having  initiated  the  movement 
so  tar  as  any  general  state  action  was  concerned.  In  1781  a  reso- 
lution was  adopted  by  the  State  of  New  York,  when  George  Clin- 
ton was  still  Governor,  and  communicated  to  Congress  and  to  all 
the  other  States  of  the  Union,  asldng  for  a  convention  in  order  to 
revise  the  Articles  of  Confederation  and  to  produce  a  union  which 
would  be  durable  and  advantageous  to  the  whole  country.    It  waa 


20 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MOVEMENT  TO  CELEBRATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH 


upon  that  action  that  a  convention  was  finally  held.  Therefore, 
if  for  no  other  reason,  our  state,  which  originated  this  movement, 
and  whose  patriotic  citizens,  Clinton,  Hamilton,  Jay  and  Morris, 
had  borne  the  burdens  in  this  state,  and  participated  in  all  the 
great  struggles  of  tho  Revolution,  should  appropriately  celebrate 
this  important  event.  We  owe  to  them  and  to  their  memory  the 
fact  that  the  State  of  New  York  should  exercise  its  prerogative  of 
celebrating  this  event. 

"  As  long  ago  as  1882  or  1883  a  movement  was  made  oii  the 
part  of  patriotic  citizens  of  this  city,  to  hold,  in  the  year  1889,  a 
great  international  celebration.  It  was  a  mistake,  unquestiona- 
bly, that  the  international  idea  entered  into  it.  But  these  gentle- 
men conceived  and  elaborated  a  plan  of  action,  and  a  commission 
or  committee  was  appointed,  comprised  of  citizens  who  were  able 
abundantly  to  give  success  to  the  movement.  I  am  sorry  to  say 
that  other  persons,  supposing  that  they  could  manage  this  matter 
better,  or  secure  glory  accruing  from  it,  interposed,  and  got  the 
charter  which  had  been  introduced  amended  in  such  a  way  that  it 
was  unacceptable,  and  it  fell  to  the  ground.  Last  year  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce  adopted  resolutions  urging  the  propriety  of  this 
celebration,  and  these  resolutions  were  sent  to  me  as  a  Member  of 
Congress,  and  I  introduced  them  in  the  House,  and  accompanied 
the  resolutions  of  the  Chamber  with  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress 
providing  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee  of  both  Houses,  to 
co-operate  with  the  citizens  of  New  York  in  making  such  a  cele- 
bration as  would  be  worthy  of  the  event  and  creditable  to  the 
country.  That  resolution  did  not  pass,  principally,  I  think,  be- 
cause circumstances  compelled  mo  to  resign  my  place,  and  there 
was  nobody  to  give  attention  to  it. 

"  The  last  Congress  went  out  of  existence  on  the  4th  of  March, 
and  tho  new  Congress  will  couvene  on  the  first  Monday  in  Decem- 
ber next.  The  resolutions  will  be  renewed,  as  I  understand,  in  a 
form  which,  Ihope,  will  secure  the  co-oneration  of  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment. The  General  Committee  of  Congress,  dealing  with  the 
question,  will  elaborate  some  proper  form  of  celebration  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  other  associations  who 
will  desire  to  take  part  in  this  Centennial  celebration.  I  am  glad, 
for  one,  that  the  movement  has  commended  itself  to  a  voluntary  as- 
sembly of  citizens  in  tills  city,  who  so  manifest  to  the  public  their 
profound  interest  in  this  matter  and  their  sense  that  the  cslebra- 
tion  should  be  one  worthy  of  the  city,  state  and  country,  and  of 
the  position  the  United  States  has  assumed  in  the  affairs  of  the 
world. 

"  As  I  say,  the  especial  form  of  the  celebration  is  a  matter  here- 
after open  to  discussion.  But  there  is  one  thing  about  it  that  I 
think  will  assume  an  importance  so  great  and  so  interesting  that  I 
cannot  forbear  alluding  to  it  now.  We  are  accustomed  to  regard 
George  Washington  as  the  man  who  carried  us  safely  through  the 
Revolution.  He  is  more  apt,  I  think,  to  be  thought  of  as  a  great 
leader  and  soldier  who  accommodated  himself  to  civil  life  after- 
ward. I  think  that  the  rising  generation  in  this  country  is  not 
made  as  familiar  with  the  true  character  of  Washington  as  it 
ought  to  be.  And,  curiously  enough,  this  appeared  in  the  celebra- 
tion we  had  here  when  the  statue  in  Wall  Street  was  inaugurated, 
and  in  Washington  when  the  completion  of  the  great  shaft  was 
celebrated  by  orations  of  wonderful  eloquence  and  power.  I  need 
not  refer  to  the  oration  of  Mr.  Winthrop  in  Washington  as  one  of 
the  gems  of  American  oratory,  or  to  that  of  Senator  Daniel,  of  the 
fervor  and  eloquence  of  which  the  South  seems  to  have  a  prior 
lien  in  this  country  ;  and  yet  hearing  them  all,  as  I  did,  I  felt  that 
somehow  or  other  the  true  character  of  Washington  had,  in  one 
respect,  escaped  the  magic  touch  of  these  great  orators. 

"  There  are  those  we  meet  every  day  whose  ancestors  have  seen 
and  spoken  to  George  Washington.  When  these  gray-haired  ones 
pass  away  there  will  be  no  one  living  who  can  give  personal  testi- 
mony to  that  extraordinary  character.  It  has  been  my  good  for- 
tune to  know  several  people  in  the  course  of  my  life  who  had  seen 
and  talked  to  Washington,  and  there  was  an  impression  left  on 
the  minds  of  all  whom  I  have  ever  seen  that  there  was  a  certain 
dignity  and  majesty  about  him  that  did  not  belong  ordinarily  to 
men. 


"The  most  curious  evidence  of  it  is  probably  found  in  the 
letters  of  the  French  officers,  to  whom  we  owe  much  in  the  strug- 
gle. But  those  letters  which  they  wrote  home  to  their  families 
and  the  reports  of  the  French  diplomats  who  were  here  at  the  In- 
auguration of  tho  Government,  go  to  show  that  Washington  was 
really  more  than  a  soldier,  more  than  an  ordinary  man  ;  that  there 
was  a  certain  majesty  and  dignity  in  his  nature  which  assured  the 
success  of  the  Government  from  the  moment  he  took  it  in  hand. 
In  turning  over  some  of  the  Revolutionary  papers  which  Mr.  Ban- 
croft has  collected— to  whom  we  owe  a  debt  which  I  am  afraid  will 
never  be  repaid — I  find  that  from  the  hour  Washington  took  com- 
mand of  the  army,  his  mind  seemed  to  go  in  the  diroction  of  the 
institution  or  the  creation  of  a  nation  out  of  the  thirteen  disjointed 
colonies,  whose  forces  he  was  leading.  You  will  find  it  in  his  pri- 
vate correspondence,  in  his  official  letters  to  Congress,  and  run- 
ning all  the  way  through  that  trying  period.  Yon  will  find  it  in 
the  parting  words  he  addressed  to  his  officers  at  Newburgh  ;  you 
will  find  it  in  the  last  words  he  uttered  as  lie  quit  the  Battery  and 
took  the  boat  for  Elizabethport.  You  will  find  it  in  the  touching 
speech  when  he  returned  his  commission  to  Congress  at  Annapo- 
lis ;  and  after  he  went  back  to  Mount  Vernon,  his  letters  arc  inces- 
sant to  Jefferson,  to  Mason,  to  Madison  and  all  those  men  whose 
value  he  was  the  first  to  discover,  urging  that  they  should  adhere 
to  the  Union  and  should  give  up  their  ideas  of  State  sovereignty. 
It  was  Washington's  influence  that  got  the  Constitution  adopted. 
He  wrote  to  his  friends  in  every  one  of  the  states,  and  begged 
them  to  secure  the  adoption  of  the  resolutions  in  favor  of  the  Con- 
vention. He  was  tho  presiding  officer  of  the  Convention  ;  his 
name  w  as  affixed  as  the  President  of  that  Convention.  Almost  all 
of  them  were  discouraged.  Franklin,  although  not  much  given  to 
praying,  actually  made  a  prayer  for  Divine  help.  It  was  Washing- 
ton's influence  which  allayed  dissensions,  which  made  the  mem- 
bers realize  that  they  held  in  their  hands  the  destiny  of  a  great 
people,  if  not  the  destiny  of  the  whole  world.  Now,  if  this  cele- 
bration is  to  be  what  I  hope  it  will  be,  it  will  be  a  celebra- 
tion which  Will  put  George  Washington  again  before  the  youth 
of  this  country  as  he  stood  in  the  hearts  and  minds  of  their 
fathers;  and  it  is  for  that  reason  that  I  trust  this  affair  will  be 
carried  out  in  the  broad  spirit  of  the  Constitution,  and  that  all 
citizens,  all  factions,  and  ail  States,  old  and  new,  in  this  Union, 
will  take  part  in  it,  and  feel  in  doing  so  that  they  are  saying  to 
those  who  are  to  come  after  them  a  hundred  years  hence  :  '  This 
is  the  country  that  Washington  and  those  around  him  created. 
This  is  the  country  we  have  tried  to  save  for  you,  and  which  you 
are  bound  to  save  for  3-0111-  posterity.'  " 

Gordon  L.  Ford  and  Clarence  W.  Bowen  were  elected 
Secretaries,  and  Algernon  S.  Sullivan  introduced  resolu- 
tions which,  after  being  amended,  read  as  follows: 

"Resolved,  That  the  citizens  of  New  York  desire  to  commem- 
orate, by  a  suitable  Centennial  celebration,  tiie  notably  event — 
namely,  that  in  this  city,  on  the  30th  of  April,  a.  d.,  1789,  George 
Washington,  the  first  President-elect,  under  the  Constitution,  of 
the  United  States,  in  the  presence  of  the  first  Congress  and  of  the 
people,  was  inaugurated  by  taking  the  oath  of  his  office,  and  thus 
the  organization  of  our  Federal  Government  was  completed. 

"Resolved,  That  we  favor  a  celebration  in  which  the  Federal 
Government  and  all  of  the  states  and  territories  shall  be  recog- 
nized participants.  And, 

"  Whereas,  This  meeting  of  the  citizens  has  learned  that  steps 
have  been  taken  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  by  the  Histori- 
cal Society  to  organize  a  suitable  celebration  of  this  event,  there- 
fore be  it 

"Resolved,  That  these  societies  be  requested  to  confer  with  a 
committee  to  be  named  by  the  Mayor,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
arrangements  to  constitute  a  general  committee,  representing  all 
classes  of  citizens,  to  take  charge  of  the  proposed  celebration. 

"Resolved,  That  this  committee  shall  consist  of  thirteen,  and 
that  the  chairman  of  this  meeting  shall  be  the  chairman  thereof. 

"Resolved,  That  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  sent  to  the 


ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON S  INAUGURATION. 


21 


Chamber  of  Commerce,  to  the  New  York  Historical  Society  and  the 
New  Jersey  Historical  Society." 

Remarks  on  the  resolutions  were  made  by  John  A. 
King,  Elliott  F.  Shepard,  James  C.  Spencer,  James  C. 
Carter,  Nathaniel  Niles,  Orlando  B.  Potter,  Clarence  W. 
Bowcn  and  others. 

The  following  is  the  speech  made  in  support  of  the 
resolutions  by  Hampton  L.  Carson,  of  Philadelphia: 

"Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen: — Permit  me  to  express  my 
appreciation  of  the  honor  of  your  invitation  to  meet  you  in  con- 
ference to-night.  The  object  of  your  meeting  is  unusually  inter- 
esting and  important.  As  I  understand  it,  it  is  to  concert  meas- 
ures for  tho  fitting  celebration  upon  the  30th  of  April,  1889,  of  the 
One-Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Inauguration  of  George 
Washington  as  the  first  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America. 

,  "  I  firmly  believe  in  the  propriety  and  value  of  these  Centen- 
nial Memorial  Celebrations.  I  heartily  concur  with  my  distin- 
guished and  venerable  friend,  Col.  Jesse  E.  Peyton,  of  Haddon- 
field,  N.  J.,  to  whose  patriotic  ardor  is  due  the  credit  of  having 
originated  nearly  every  movement  in  this  direction.  I  agree  with 
him  that  no  marked  event  in  our  national  history  should  be  per- 
mitted to  pass  without  a  joyous  gathering  of  the  people,  in  honor 
of  the  deeds  of  our  illustrious  sires,  and  in  pious  gratitude  to  God 
for  the  blessings  of  liberty.  These  national  jubilees  are  of  price- 
less value.  They  serve  to  keep  alive  the  recollection  of  the  past ; 
they  reanimate  the  aged ;  they  kindle  the  enthusiasm  of  the  young  ; 
they  instruct  the  ignorant ;  they  promote  the  careful  study  of  our 
institutions,  and  call  forth  critical  essays  and  glowing  orations. 
They  destroy  the  barriers  of  local  prejudice  and  knit  in  closer 
bonds  of  union  the  members  of  our  great  Republic.  They  are  oc- 
casions upon  which  we  renew  our  vows  of  fealty  to  the  Constitu- 
tion. Eloquence,  poetry  and  philosophy  find  in  them  fresh 
sources  of  inspiration.  Tho  pulse  of  the  patriot  is  quickened,  the 
sympathies  of  the  statesman  are  broadened,  while  the  souls  of  all 
true  lovers  of  liberty  according  to  law  are  lifted  up  and  purified. 
During  the  past  decade  we  have  passed  in  review  the  events  which 
made  our  fathers  immortal.  At  Lexington  and  Bunker  Hill,  at 
Philadelphia  in  '76,  at  Saratoga  and  Trenton,  at  Brandywine  and 
Germantown,  at  Valley  Forge  and  Monmouth,  at  Stony  Point  and 
Charleston,  Savannah  and  Eutaw  Springs,  you  met  to  commemo- 
rate the  self-sacrificing  struggles  of  your  sires.  At  Yorktown  you 
celebrated  their  final  triumph  and  deliverance  from  bondage.  But 
two  months  ago  you  met  in  the  great  city  of  Philadelphia,  the 
City  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence  and  the  Constitution,  to 
applaud  the  completion  of  the  structure  of  our  Government  by  its 
architects  and  builders  and  its  solemn  dedication  to  the  service  of 
the  people  and  mankind.  We  now  stand  upon  the  threshold  of 
the  Centennial  of  their  last  great  act.  The  election  and  inaugu- 
ration of  Washington  was  their  crowning  work.  Their  labors 
were  then  ended,  and  our  ship  of  state,  freighted  with  the  rights 
of  men,  and  floating  from  its  masthead  the  banner  of  Constitu- 
tional freedom,  was  launched  upon  the  sea  of  time,  in  which  the 
centuries  are  but  single  waves. 

"  It  is  eminently  fitting,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  you  should  pre- 
pare to  celebrate  this  great  event.  The  City  of  New  York  is  the 
proper  place.  It  was  here  that  the  last  scene  in  the  great  drama 
was  acted.  It  is  a  duty  that  you  owe  to  yourselves,  to  your  fellow- 
countrymen,  to  your  children.  The  Federal  Government  and  each 
state  and  territory  of  the  Union  will  reinforce  your  resolution  and 
bid  you  God  speed  in  its  accomplishment. 

"  We  read  in  the  simple  records  of  the  day  how  General  Wash- 
ington, on  the  16th  of  April,  1789,  two  days  after  his  election  as 
first  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  United  States  was  officially  announced 
to  him,  bade  adieu  to  Mount  Vernon,  to  private  life  and  domestic 
felicity,  and,  with  a  mind  oppressed  with  more  anxious  and  pain- 
ful sensations  than  he  had  words  to  express,  set  out  for  New  York 
with  the  best  disposition  to  render  service  to  his  country  in  obedi- 
ence to  her  call,  but  modestly  distrusting  his  power  to  answer  her 


expectations.  At  Alexandria  he  was  presented  with  an  affection- 
ate address,  bidding  him  '  go  and  make  a  grateful  people  happy,' 
a  people  doubly  grateful  when  contemplating  his  personal  sacri- 
fices for  their  interest.  At  Philadelphia  he  was  received  with  pe- 
culiar splendor.  Beneath  arches  of  triumphal  laurel,  with  a  civic 
crown  upon  his  brow  he  entered  the  crowded  city,  and  the  next 
day  at  Trenton  was  met  by  matrons  leading  their  daughters  clad 
in  white,  who  strewed  flowers  in  his  way  and  sang  an  ode  com- 
posed for  the  occasion.  At  Elizabethtown  point  he  embarked 
with  a  Committee  of  Congress  in  a  splendid  barge,  manned  by  cit- 
izens of  New  York,  and  was  rowed  across  the  glittering  waters  of 
the  Kill  von  Kull  and  the  lordly  Hudson.  '  The  display  of  boats,' 
says  an  eye-witness  of  the  scene,  '  which  attended  and  joined  on 
this  occasion,  some  with  vocal  and  others  with  instrumental  mu- 
sic on  board,  the  decorations  of  the  ships,  the  roar  of  cannon,  and 
the  loud  acclamations  of  the  people,  which  rent  the  sky  as  I  passed 
along  the  wharves,  filled  my  mind  with  sensations  as  painful  as 
they  were  pleasing.'  In  this  maimer  we  are  told  by  the  historian 
on  the  23d  of  April,  the  man  possessed  of  a  nation's  love  landed  at 
the  stairs  of  Murray's  Wharf.  He  was  there  received  by  the  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York,  and  conducted  with  military  honors  through 
an  immense  concourse  of  people  to  the  apartments  provided  for 
him.  There  attended  by  foreign  ministers,  by  public  bodies,  by 
political  characters,  and  by  private  citizens  of  distinction,  who 
pressed  around  him  to  offer  their  congratulations,  he  witnessed  a 
'  day  of  extravagant  joy,'  succeeded  by  a  splendid  illumination. 

"  On  the  30th  of  April,  in  the  presence  of  the  first  Senate  and 
House  and  a  vast  concourse  of  people,  upon  the  balcony  of  the 
Federal  Hall  at  Wall  and  Broad  Streets  ho  took  the  oath  to  sup- 
port and  administer  the  Constitution  of  tne  United  States. 

"  The  world  has  never  witnessed  such  a  scene  as  this.  It  had 
contemplated  with  awe  the  making  of  Consuls  and  Dictators,  the 
crowning  of  Kings,  the  proclamation  of  Emperors;  but  the  char- 
iot wheels  of  the  Conqueror  had  been  driven  over  the  necks  of  the 
people,  and  the  gilded  barges  of  monarchs  had  been  launched 
upon  the  tears  of  their  subjects.  The  air  had  been  often  convu'.sed 
with  the  cry,  '  The  King  is  dead— long  live  the  King.'  But  now  a. 
scene  of  novel,  yet  sublime  simplicity,  was  witnessed  ;  a  new  po- 
litical character  has  been  created.  Henceforth  no  tyrant,  knave 
or  fool  could  plead  hereditary  right  to  rule  ;  henceforth  the  ruler 
was  to  be  the  ruler  of  the  people,  elected  by  the  ballots  of  millions 
of  freemen,  while  the  welkin  rang  with  joyous  shouts :  '  Long  live 
the  President  of  the  United  States ;  forever  live  the  Constitution 
and  the  Union— forever  live  the  liberties  of  America.' 

"Mr.  Chairman,  when  we  compare  the  City  of  New  York  as3he 
is  to-day,  with  the  city  of  one  hundred  years  ago,  and  sweep  into 
the  range  of  vision  Philadelphia,  Boston,  Baltimore,  Washington, 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  San  Francisco  with  their  myriads  of  docks, 
ship-yards,  factories,  looms,  libraries,  colleges,  schools,  churches 
and  institutions  of  charity,  when  we,  consider  how  the  mantle  of 
the  Constitution  has  been  spread  '  without  stretching'  over  a  ter- 
ritory more  vast  than  the  empire  of  Alexander,  when  we  reflect 
upon  the  rude  shocks  of  foreign  and  domestic  strife  which  have 
convulsed  the  land  without  injury  to  our  institutions,  when  we 
consider  the  value  of  those  institutions  themselves,  combining  all 
that  is  old  and  all  tliat  is  new,  all  that  is  dead  and  all  that  is  alive 
and  compute  their  cost,  the  centuries  of  misgovernmeut,  of  blood- 
shed and  of  toil,  when  we  pause  to  estimate  what  they  have 
been,  what  they  now  are,  and  what  they  may  become,  are  we  not 
led  to  exclaim  in  wonder,  '  What  is  the  secret  of  this  astonishing 
success  ?  '  It  is  not  ambition,  it  is  not  courage,  it  is  not  power, 
it  is  not  the  simple  work  of  republicanism,  it  is  not  devotion  to 
art,  il  is  not  belief  in  ancient  dogmas  or  monastic  vows ;  it  is  not 
commerce  ;  it  is  not  trade  ;  it  is  not  race  ;  it  is  not  soil  or  climate. 
Other  nations  have  owed  their  prosperity  and  their  greatness  to 
the  one  or  the  other  of  these.  It  is,  because  America,  under 
Providence,  has  never  lost  faith  in  the  supreme  idea  that  God  has 
made  man  free ;  that  no  human  authority  has  power  to  chain 
either  his  body  or  his  mind ;  because  she  has  recognized  that  in 
the  depths  of  the  conscience  of  every  citizen — the  humblest  as 
well  as  the  highest — there  is  '  a  sentiment,  sublime,  sacred,  inde- 


22 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MOVEMENT  TO  CELEBRATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH 


structible,  eternal — the  sentiment  of  right,  a  sentiment  which  is 
the  very  element  of  reason  within  man,  the  granite  of  the  human 
cousciencs,  the  rock  upon  which  shall  split  and  go  to  pieces  all 
the  iniquities,  the  hypocrisies,  the  bad  laws  and  bad  governments 
of  this  world,'  and  so  with  unfaltering  faith  in  human  destiny, 
climbing  nearer  and  still  nearer  to  the  Source  of  all  Good,  draw- 
ing without  stint  upon  the  ancient  and  modern  world  for  mate- 
rial for  thought  and  assimilating  these  wi'h  the  products  of  her 
own  soil,  she  has  grown  in  every  direction,  and  to-day  embodies 
in  her  thoughts,  her  inventions,  her  discoveries,  her  science,  her 
enterprise,  her  finance,  her  statesmanship,  and  the  giant  toil  of 
her  sons  in  every  corner  of  the  sarth  all  the  moral,  intellectual 
and  educational  forces  which  propel  mankind. 

"  These  facts  embody  a  lesson  coupled  with  a  duty.  Our  aim 
should  be  first  to  preserve,  next  to  deserve  the  institutions  of  our 
fathers.  We  should  so  guard  the  history  of  the  Republic  that  we 
may  do  nothing  unworthy  of  the  past,  nothing  to  cloud  the  glory 
of  the  coming  day." 

As  directed  by  the  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Commit- 
tee of  Citizens,  Mayor  Abram  S.  Hewitt  appointed  the  fol- 
lowing Committ  e  of  thirteen  citizens  to  co-operate  with 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  New  York  His  orical 

.Secicty : 

Daniel  F.  Tieman,  Allan  Campbell, 

Smith  Ely,  Ji;.,  Charles  P.  Daly, 

Edward  Cooper,  Stuyyes\nt  Fish, 

William  H.  Wickham      Elbridge  T.  Geery, 
Franklin  Edson,  William  G.  Hamilton, 

William  R.  Grace.         Governecr  Morris,  Jr., 
Philip  Schuyler. 

Pursuant  to  the  call  ordered  by  Mayor  Hewitt,  the 
above  Committee  met  in  the  Mayor's  office  in  the  City  Hall 
on  November  23d,  1887,  ■  n  1  the  following  gentlemen  of 
the  Committee  of  thirteen  we  e  present  :  Daniel  F.  Tie- 
man,  William  H.  Wickham,  Frank  in  Edson,  William  It. 
Grace,  Edward  Cooper,  Elbridge  T.  Gerr}'  and  Philip 
Schuyler.  Mayor  Hewitt  stated  that  a^s  he  had  desired  to 
appoint  on  the  Committee  all  the  living  ex-Mayors  of  New 
York  he  would  add  the  name  of  ex-Mayor  John  T.  Hoff- 
man. On  motion  it  was  resolved  to  invite  committees 
from  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  the  N  ;W  York  His- 
torical Soci  ty,  to  meet  th  •  Committee  of  Citizens  ap- 
pointed by  Mayor  Hewitt.  It  was  also  voted  that  Gordon 
L.  Ford  aid  Clarence  W.  Bowen  be  continued  as  Secreta- 
ries until  a  permanent  organization  was  forme  I. 

In  November  30th,  1887,  C  mmittees  from  the  New 
York  Historical  Society  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
met  the  Citizens'  Committee  in  the  Mayor's  office  in  the 
City  Hall.  Jackson  S  Schultz  and  Nathaniel  Nile  i  were 
present  from  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  The  Hon.  J.  A. 
King  President  of  the  New  i  ork  Historical  Society,  re- 
ported that  the  following  Committee  had  been  ;  ppointed 
by  the  Hi  torical  Soci.ty: 

John  A.  King,  Chairman,       George  II  Moore, 
Jacob  B.  Moore,  Secretary,    Robert  B.  Roosevelt, 
John  Jay,  Charles  H.  Russell,  Jr., 

John  D.  Jones,  Robert  Schell, 


John  S.  Kennedy,  Corselius  Vandervtlt, 

Edward  F.  de  Lancet,  Andrew  Warner, 

Robert  E.  Livingston,  John  A.  Weekes. 

Remarks  w  re  made  by  Ja  ks  n  S.  Schultz,  Nathaniel 
Ni  es.  E  lward  F.  De  Lancey,  John  A.  King,  Elbridge  T. 
Gerry,  John  T.  Hoffman,  John  Jay,  Mayor  Hewitt  and 
others,  suggesting  different  plans  to  start  the  movement 
of  celebrating  th  Centennial  of  Washington's  Inaugura- 
tion. The  idea  was  approved  of  that  was  suggested  by 
Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  who  moved  that  the  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  Revolution  be  requested  to  send  in  the  names 
of  thirteen  gentlemen  who  could  act  upon  the  General 
Committ  e. 

It  was  also  reso  ved  at  t  ;e  meeting  that  no  deinite  ac- 
tion be  taken  until  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the 
Ne  v  York  Historical  Society  had  further  instructed 
their  respective  Committees,  and  given  them  power  to 
act. 

The  third  meetiDg  of  the  Committee  of  Citizens  was 
held  in  the  Mayor's  office  in  the  City  Hall,  December  7th, 
1887.  A  Committee  of  Conferencs  from  the  New  Y'ork 
Historical  So  iety  were  present,  consisting  of  John  A. 
King,  John  A.  Weekes,  Edward  F.  De  Lancey,  George  H. 
Moor  j  and  John  S.  Kennedy. 

The  following  Committee  of  five  were  aho  present 
from  the  Chamber  of  Commerce:  Jac  son  S.  Schultz, 
Chairman,  S.  D.  Babcock,  J.  M.  Fiske,  Orlando  B.  Pott-r 
and  Erastus  Wiman. 

A  communication  was  also  received  from  Jam^s  M. 
Montgomery,  Secretary  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the 
Revolution,  stating  that  a  Committee  to  attend  the  Centen- 
nial Constitutional  Celebration  hid  been  appointed  Febru- 
ary 22d,  1887,  and  that  the  same  Committee  would  act  as 
a  part  of  the  Committee  on  t  e  Centennial  Celebration  of 
the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of 
the  United  State?.  The  Committee  was  as  follows: 
Frederick   S.   1  allmadge,    John  C.  Tomlinson, 

Chairman,  Cliff  rd  Stanley  Sims, 

James  Mortimer  Montgom-    William  Waldorf  Astor, 

ery.  Secretary,  John  Jay  Pierhepont 

John  Austin  Stevens,  Henry  W.  Le  Koy, 

James  Duane  Livingston,      Fredebick  A.  Benjamin, 
George  Clinton  Genet         Charles  A.  Coe, 
Floyd  Clarkson,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry. 

Mayor  Hewitt's  suggestion  was  then  i  dopted,  that 
"  the  organizat  on  of  the  Citiz  ns'  Committee  should  be 
completed  by  embracing  in  such  Committee  the  names  of 
the  Committee  of  fourteen  from  the  New  Y'ork  Historical 
Society,  and  of  the  sa  ne  number  from  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  and  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  th3  Revolution." 
This  number  would  be  a  nuc  eus  to  which  other  names 
could  be  added.  Ma  or  Hewitt  further  suggest  d  that  the 
Hon.  Hamilton  Fish  wou'd  ma';e  an  excellent  Chairman 


ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


23 


of  the  General  Committee.  John  A.  King  moved  that 
when  a  permanent  organization  of  the  Committee  was  ef- 
fected, the  naue  of  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish  .'hould  be 
recommended  as  permanent  Chairman.  The  u  otion  was 
carried  unanimously. 

It  was  further  moved  that  the  General  Committee  con- 
sist of  fourteen  citizens,  and  also  the  ConiT.ittee  of  four- 
teen from  the  Historical  Society,  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce and  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

James  M.  Varnum's  name  was  substituted  for  Mr. 
Gerry's,  as  Mr.  Gerry's  mme  was  included  in  the  list  of 
the  names  from  the  Sons  of  the  Revoluti  n. 

The  names  of  Mayor  Abram  S.  Hewitt  and  Clarence 
W.  Bowen  were  also  added  to  the  General  Committee,  and 
it  was  moved  that  Mayor  Hewitt  act  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  in  the  absence  of  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish. 
The  General  Committee  as  constituted  now  consisted  of 
the  foil  .win;  fifty-nine  gentlemen: 
Hon.  Hamilton  Fin.         Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 
Mayor  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  James  M.  Beown, 
Chatnce i  M.  Depew,  William  E.Dodge, 

Richard  A.  McCurdt,  Levi  P.  Morton, 
Wm.  II.  Robertson,  Gustav  ScnwAB, 

John  Sloane,  Samuel  D.  Babcock, 

Jackson  S.  Schultz,  Orlando  B.  Potter, 

Erastus  Wiman,  Jacob  M.  Fiske, 

Daniel  F.  Tieman,  Smith  Ely,  Jr., 

Edward  Cooper,  William  H.  Wickham, 

Franklin  Edson,  Wm.  R.  Grace, 

Allan  Campbell,  Charles  P.  Daly, 

Stuyvesant  Fish,  William  G.  Hamilton, 

Gouverneur  Morris,  Jr.,    Philip  Schuyler, 
John  T.  Hoffman,  James  M.  Varnum, 

John  A.  King,  Jacob  C  Moore, 

John  Jay,  John  D.  Jones, 

John  S.  Kennedy,  Edward  F.  De  Lancey, 

Robert  E.  Livingston,        George  II.  Moore, 
Robert  B.  Roosevelt,       Charles  H.  Russell,  Jr., 
Robert  Schell  Jas.  Mortimer  Montgomery, 

Cornelius  Vanderbilt,       Andrew  Warnre, 
John  A.  Weekes,  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge, 

John  Austin  Stevens,        James  Duane  Livingston, 
George  Clinton  Genet,      Floyd  Clarkson, 
John  C.  Tomlinson,  Clifford  Stanley  Sims, 

William  Waldorf  Astor.  John  J.  Pierrepont, 
Henry  W.  Le  Roy,  Frederick  A.  Benjamin. 

Charles  A.  Coe,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry, 

Clarence  W.  Bowen. 

The  fourth  meeting  of  the  Committee  as  above  consti- 
tuted was  held  in  the  Governor's  Room  in  the  City  Hall  on 
Wednesday,  De  ember  14th,  1887. 

The  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish  was  elected  President  of  the 
Committee,  and  Join  A.  King,  Chauncey  M.  Depew  a  d 


John  T.  Hoffman  were  appointed  by  Ma  or  Hewitt  a  Com- 
mittee of  three  to  wait  upon  Mr.  Fish  and  apprise  him 
of  his  appointment. 

Mayor  Abram  S.  Hewitt,  not  in  his  official  position,  but 
as  a  private  citizen,  was  elected  permanent  Chairman  of 
the  Committee.  Clarence  W.  Bowea  was  elected  perma- 
nent Secretary  of  the  Committee,  but  declined  It  was 
then  moved  that  a  c  mmittee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the 
Mayor  to  report  additional  names  to  be  added  to  the  Gen- 
eral Committee,  and  also  to  recommend  the  name  of  some 
gentleman  as  permanent  Secretary.  In  accordance  with 
the  a'-ove  resolution,  Mayor  Hewitt  appointed  the  follow- 
ing committee  of  five:  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  Philip  Schuyler, 
James  M.  Yarnum,  Orlando  B.  Patter,  and  William  E. 
Dodge. 

The  fifth  meeting  of  the  Committee  was  held  in  the 
Governor's  Room  in  the  City  Hall  on  January  11th,  1888, 
Mayor  A  ram  S.  Hewitt  in  the  chair. 

Elbridge  T.  Ger  y,  in  behalf  of  the  Committee  of  Five, 
recommended  that  the  following  named  gentlemen  should 
be  added  to  t  ie  committee,  which  was  agreed  to: 
S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cruger,    Setii  Low, 
Eugene  Kelly.  W.  Bayard  Cutting, 

Oswald  Ottendorfer,  James  C.  Carter, 

Jesse  Seligman,  Henry  Bergh, 

J.  Pierrepont  Morgan.  Rutherford  Stuyvesant, 
George  G.  Haven.  Gordon  L.  Ford, 

Asa  Bird  Gardner,  Delancey  Nicoll, 

D.  Willis  James,  Robert  Lenox  Belknap, 

Frederic  R.  Coudert,  John  L.  Cadwalader, 

J.  Hampden  Robb,  Locke  W.  Winchester, 

Schuyler  Hamilton,  Daniel  Huntington, 

Brayton  Ives,  L.  P.  di  Cesnola, 

Richard  W.  Gilder,  Louis  Fitzgerald, 

Theodore  Roosevelt  Egerton  L.  Winthrop, 

Edmund  Hendricks,  Prof.  H.  H.  Boyesen, 

Thomas  Addis  Emmet,  Frederic  H.  Tappen, 

George  Bliss,  Lewis  G.  Morris, 

Charles  W.  Dayton,  J.  T.  Van  Rensselaer 

Wm.  E.  D.  Stokes,  Lispenaed  Stewart, 

Edwaed  V.  Low,  Frederick  Gallatin, 

Charles  Adams. 

The  recommendations  of  the  Committee  of  Five  were 
unanimously  adopted. 

John  A.  King,  in  behalf  of  the  Committee  of  Three  ap- 
pointed to  wait  upoL  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fi  h,  stated  that 
Mr.  Fish  would  act  as  President  of  the  Committee.  The 
following  committee  was  then  appointed  by  Mayor  Hewitt 
as  the  Executive  Committee  : 

Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  Chair-    Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
man,  John  T.  Hoffman, 

John  A.  King,  Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 

Frederick  S.  Tallmadge,       Seth  Low, 


24 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MOVEMENT  TO  CELEBRATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH 


Cornelius  Vandeubilt, 

ORLANDO  B.  PoiTEK, 

Asa  Bird  Gardner, 
John  Cochrane 
James  M.  Varnum, 
Rutherford  St.  yyesant, 
Wiluam  G.  Hamilton, 
Chari.es  W.  Dayton, 
Srrr yves ant  Fish, 
George  G.  Haven, 


Lons  Fitzgerald, 
James  M.  Montgomery, 
J.  Talmadge  Van  Rens- 
selaer, 
Philip  Sohtjtlosb, 
Brayton  Ives, 
J.  Hami'den  Robb, 
Jacob  B.  Moore, 
Theodore  Roosevelt, 
James  C.  Carter, 


Clarence  W.  Bowen,  Secreta  y. 
The  meeting  t  eu  adjourned,  ;ubject  to  t  e  call  of  the 
Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

On. February  3d,  1888,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  Chairman  (  f 
the  Executive  Committee,  called  together  Abram  S.  Hew- 
itt, James  M.  Yarnum,  Cornelius  X.  Bliss  Frederic  -  S. 
Tallma 'ge  and  Samuel  D.  Babcock,  and  submitted  to  them 
the  following  plan  for  the  ce  ebration: 

New  Yokk,  February  3d,  1888. 
To  the  Sub-Committee  on  Plan  and  Scope  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inauguration 
of  George  Washington  as  President  of  the  United 
States: 
Gentlemen  : 

I  submit  for  your  consideration  the  names  of  the  different  Sub- 
committees, and  also  the  names  of  gentlemen  to  serve  on  the  dif- 
ferent Sub-Committees,  and  also  an  outline  of  the  Plan  and  Scope, 
as  follows : 

SUB- COMMITTEES. 
No.  1.  Plan  and  Scope. 
"    2.  States. 

"    3.  General  Government. 

"    i.  Army  (including  Committee  on  Industrial  Parade). 

"    5.  Navy. 

"    6.  Entertainment. 

"    7.  Finance. 

"    8.  Railroads  and  Transportation. 

"    9.  Art. 

"  10.  Exhibitions. 

"  11.  Literary  Exercises. 

No.  1.— PLAN  AND  SCOPE. 

Abram  S.  Hewitt,  Chairman. 
James  M.  Varnum,  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge, 

Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Samuel  D.  Babcock. 

No.  2.— STATES. 

William  G.  Hamilton,  Chairman. 
James  C.  Carter,  Jacob  A.  Cantor, 

John  Schuyler,  E.  Ellery  Anderson, 

J.  Tallmadge  Van  Bensselaer,  Floyd  Clarkson, 
James  S.  Hcsted,  Henry  W.  LeRoy, 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  John  B.  Pine, 

James  M.  Montgomery,  Secretary. 

No.  3.— GENERAL  GOVERNMENT. 

John  A.  King,  Chairman. 
John  Jay,  Frederick  J.  De  Peyster, 

Edward  Cooper,  Wm.  H.  Robertson, 

Wm.  H.  Wickham,  Cornelius  Vanderbelt, 

Wm.  R.  Grace,  Seth  Low,  Secretary. 

No.  4.— ARMY  (Military  and  Industrial  Parade). 

Philip  Schuyler,  Chairman. 
John  Cochrane,  Frederick  Gallatin, 

Locke  W.  Winchester,  S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cruger. 

J.  Hampden  Robb,  John  C  Tomlinson,  Sec'y. 


No.  5.— NAVY. 

Asa  Bird  Gardener,  Chairman. 
John  S.  Barnes,  Robert  E.  Livingston, 

George  G.  Haven,  D.  Wiixis  James, 

Jackson  S.  Schultz,  Frederick  R.  Coudert, 

S.  Nicholas  Kane,  Oswald  Ottendorfer, 

John  Jay  Plerrepont,  Secretary. 

No.  6.— ENTERTAINMENT. 

Stuyvesant  Fish,  Chairman. 
Levi  P.  Morton,  Edgerton  L.  Winthrop, 

Wm.  B.  Beekman,  Gouverneup.  Moreis,  Jr., 

George  Wilson,  S.  L.  M.  Barlow, 

Ward  McAllister,  Stephen  II.  Oltn, 

Wm.  E.  D.  Stokes,  Secretary. 

No.  7.— FINANCE. 

Brayton  Ives,  Chairman. 

Logan  C.  Murray,  John  Sloane, 

James  N.  Brown,     .  James  D.  Smith, 

John  Claflin,  Edward  V.  Loew, 

John  S.  Kennedy,  James  H.  Dunham, 

Louis  Fitzgerald,  Eugene  Kelly, 

Allan  Campbell.  Walter  Stanton, 
Be  Lancey  Nicoll,  Secretary. 

No.  8.— RAILROADS  AND  TRANSPORTA- 
TION. 

Orlando  B.  Potter,  Chairman. 
Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Charles  W.  Datton, 

Erastts  Wlman.  Josi.vh  M.  Fisk, 

James  Duane  Livingston,  Secretary. 

No.  9.— ART. 

Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman. 
Daniel  Huntington,  Frank  D.  Millet, 

F.  Hopktnson  Smith,  H.  H.  Boy'esen, 

William  E.  Dodge,  Charles  Henry  Hart, 

Richard  W.  Gilder.  Secretary. 

No.  10.— EXHIBITIONS. 

Gordon  L.  Ford,  Cliairman. 
Rutherford  Stuyvesant,         Lispf.nap.d  Stewart, 
John  L.  Cadwalader,  Chas.  H.  Russell,  Jr.,  Sec'y. 

No.  11.— LITERARY  EXERCISES. 

Elbrldge  T.  Gerry,  Chair'n.  Clarence  W.  Bowen,  .See'y. 
1st,  Of  course  the  Committee  on  Plan  and  Scope  is  the  most 
important  committee,  and  the  general  programme  of  the  celebra- 
tion should  be  discussed  and  approved  by  this  Committee.  I 
would  respectfully  suggest  that  the  celebration  be  confined,  if  pos- 
sible, to  one  day,  namely,  April  30th,  1889.  It  may,  however,  bo 
necessary  to  have  the  naval  parade  in  the  harbor  on  the  afternoon 
of  the  day  before.  The  naval  parade  will  consist  of  vessels  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States  and  to  foreign  countries,  such  as  Fiance 
and  England  and  Germany,  which  would  be  especially  interested 
in  the  event.  There  should  be  a  grand  military  parade,  and  mili- 
tary organizations  from  the  different  cities,  as  well  as  from  New 
York  State  and  New  York  City,  should  be  invited  to  participate. 
The  different  trades,  also,  should  be  invited  to  take  part  in  the  pa- 
rade ;  and  some  formal  exercises  should  take  place  on  the  steps  of 
the  Sub-Treasury,  where  Washington  was  inaugurated,  and  also  in 
St.  Paul's  Church,  where  Washington  attended  service  on  the  day 
of  his  inauguration.  Possibly,  in  addition,  some  further  literary 
exercises  should  be  held  in  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House.  It 
would  be  desirable,  I  think,  to  have  an  oration  and  a  poem.  After 
the  literary  exercises  were  over  and  the  parade  had  taken  place,  I 
think  it  would  be  a  good  idea  to  have  a  banquet  in  the  evening, 
which  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  other  invited  guests 
shouid  attend. 

It  would  be  an  excellent  idea  if  a  Memorial  Exhibition,  con- 
taining Washington  relics,  and  also  an  exhibition  of  portraits  of 


ANMVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON S  INAUGURATION. 


85 


Washington  and  of  his  Cabinet,  and  of  others  who  assisted  in  the 
inauguration,  should  be  held  in  this  city  during  the  month  of 
April,  1889. 

These  ideas,  and  others  that  will  no  doubt  occur  to  you.  are 
now  brought  before  you,  the  Committee  on  Plan  anil  Scope,  for 
your  approval,  and  to  invite  suggestions  from  you. 

2d.  The  duty  of  the  Committee  on  States  would  be  to  address  a 
communication  to  the  Governors  of  all  States  and  Territories,  tell- 
ing them  of  the  celebration,  inviting  their  co-operation,  and  re- 
questing them  to  bring  before  *he  legislatures  of  their  several 
States  the  fact  of  the  celebration,  and  requesting  the  attendance 
of  members  of  the  several  legislatures,  of  gentlemen  whose  ances- 
tors took  a  prominent  part  in  the  inauguration,  and  of  such  citi- 
zens of  the  States  as  would  be  particularly  interested  in  the  his- 
torical event. 

3d.  It  is  proposed,  as  you  know,  to  open  an  exhibition  in 
Washington  in  the  spring  of  1889,  and  the  General  Government 
Has  been  invited  to  assist  in  the  undertaking.  Now,  the  exhibi- 
tion in  Washington  will  not  conflict  in  any  way  with  ours ;  but  it 
should  be  the  duty  of  the  Committee  on  General  Government  to 
find  out  just  what  is  being  done  in  Washington,  and  to  consult 
with  those  who  are  interested  in  that  celebration,  so  as  to  avoid 
any  difficulties  that  might  otherwise  arise.  We  should  endeavor 
to  co-operate  so  that  the  celebration  in  New  York  will  supplement 
and  emphasize  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  Inauguration  of 
the  Constitution  in  Washington  in  March  of  1889. 

The  Committee  on  the  General  Government  should  ask  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  bring  our  celebration  cf  April 
30th  before  Congress,  and  request  that  body  to  appoint  a  Commit- 
tee to  co-operate  with  us  in  our  celebration.  I  think  that  the  cele- 
bration in  New  York  should  have  the  formal  approval  of  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States ;  for  Washington,  as  3-ou  know,  was 
inaugurated  President  of  the  General  Government,  and  it  should 
be  under  the  auspices  of  the  General  Government  that  the  cele- 
bration should  take  place. 

4th.  The  Committee  on  the  Army  would  arrange  with  military 
organizations  in  this  city  and  in  New  York  State,  and  also  invite 
military  organizations  from  other  States  to  take  part  in  the  parade. 
The  different  trades,  too,  should  be  invited  to  join  in  the  parade. 
The  representation  of  all  the  leading  industries  of  the  country 
would  thus  form  an  important  and  attractive  feature  of  the  parade. 

5th.  The  duties  of  the  Committee  on  the  Navy  are  obvious. 
Mr.  Coudert  would  represent  the  interests  of  France  and  Mr. 
Ottendorfer  of  Germany,  on  the  Committee  ;  for  vessels  from  for- 
eign countries  would,  no  doubt,  join  in  the  parade  in  the  harbor. 

6th.  The  duty  of  the  Entertainment  Committee  would  be  to  at- 
tend to  the  invitations  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
to  other  public  officials  and  gentlemen  of  distinction,  who  would 
attend  the  festivities  and  the  banquet  in  the  evening. 

7th  and  8th.  The  duties  of  the  Committees  on  Finance  and  on 
Railroads  and  Transportation  are  obvious  and  ne  ed  no  explanation. 

9th,  10th  and  11th.  I  have  spoken  of  the  Committees  on  Art 
and  Exhibitions  and  Literary  Exercises,  and  it  is  unnecessary  to 
comment  further  at  this  time  on  their  respective  duties.  The 
Committee  on  Art  might  be  able  to  get  portraits  of  Washington 
and  o*  her  historical  portraits  from  the  different  public  and  private 
art  galleries  of  the  country,  and  the  Committee  on  Exhibitions 
might  secure  manuscripts  and  books  and  works  and  memorials  of 
an  historical  character  pertaining  to  George  Washington. 

The  Chairman  of  each  of  the  Sub-Committees  is  a  member  of 
the  Executive  Committee.  I  have  put  a  young  man  on  eaoh  of 
the  Committees  that  he  might  act  as  Secretary. 

The  above  suggestions  are  only  an  outline  of  what  the  celebra- 
tion should  be,  and  as  such  I  respectfully  submit  them  to  you. 
Yours  very  truly,  ELBEIDGE  T.  GERRY, 

Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

The  different  Sub-Committees  were  at  once  informed  of 
he  work  tha'  had  been  assigned  to  them,  and  prepara- 
tions for  the  Celebration  were  immediately  begun. 

Mr.  Gerry  caused  bills  to  be  introduced  in  the  Legisla- 


ture of  tie  State  of  New  Yo-k.  authorizing  the  State  to 
ma  e  an  appropriation  of  money  t  >  the  Celebration,  and 
authorizing  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment  of 
New  Yo-k  City  to  make  an  appropriation,  and  also  crea- 
ting A  ril  30th,  1889,  a  legal  holiday. 

The  fo  lowing  add'tnns  were  made  to  the  different 
Committ  rs  duriDg  the  spring: 


To  the  Sub-Committee  on  Genera1  Government: 

William  M.  Evarts, 

Hon.  Frank  S.  Hiscock. 

To  the  Sub-Committee  cn  Navy: 

Alfred  C.  Cheney, 

Captain  Henry  Erben, 

Lot all  Farragut, 

Ogden  Goelet, 

Buchanan 

WixTiinor. 

To  the  Sub-Committee  on  Entert  inment: 

William  Waldorf  Astor, 

Robert  Goelet, 

William  Jay, 

William  K.  Vanderbilt, 

To  the  Sub-Committee  on  Finance: 

Henry  B.  Hyde, 

John  J.  Knox, 

Darius  0.  Mills, 

John  F.  Pi.ummer, 

J.  Edward  Simmons, 

RicnARD  T.  Wilson. 

To  the  Sub-Committee  on  Art: 

John  L.  Cadwai.ader, 

A.  W.  Drake, 

Gordon  L.  Ford, 

Charles  Parsons, 

Oliver  H.  Perry, 

Chas.  H.  Russell,  Jr., 

Rutherford  Stuyvesant, 

Lispenard  Stewart. 

To  the  General  Committee: 

Charles  F.  Adams, 

E.  Ellery  Anderson, 

Chester  Alan  Arthur, 

John  J.  Astor, 

Richard  T.  AucnMUTY, 

John  S.  Barnes, 

S.  L.  M.  Barlow, 

Capt.  Warren  C.  Beach, 

J.  W.  Beekman, 

Wm.  Beekman. 

John  H.  Bird, 

William  H.  Bissell, 

Samuel  Borrowe, 

Edwin  Booth, 

James  J.  Burnet, 

Hon.  Jacob  A.  Cantor, 

Henry  Guy  Carleton, 

Alfred  C.  Cheney, 

Banyzr  Clarkson, 

John  Clafliv. 

Frederick  Clarkson, 

Moncure  D.  Conway. 

Alfred  R.  Conk  ling, 

Washington  E.  Connor, 

James  M.  Constable, 

Gen.  John  Cochrane, 

Edwin  A.  Cruiksiiaxk, 

William  Henry  Crosby, 

Richard  T.  Davies, 

Frederick  J.  De  Peyster, 

George  D.  De  Witt, 

Richard  Yarick  De  Witt, 

Dr.  Morgan  Dix, 

A.  W.  Drake, 

Edward  M.  L.  Ehlers, 

Capt.  Hen;  y  Erben, 

Wm.  M.  Evarts, 

Loyall  Farragut, 

Josiah  M.  FlSK, 

William  H.  Gedney. 

Ogden  Goelet, 

Robert  Goelet, 

Hugh  J.  Grant, 

Chas.  Henry  Hart, 

Chas.  Haxselt, 

Hon.  Frank  Hiscock, 

Hon.  James  W.  Husted, 

Henry  B.  Hyde, 

Harrison  Clark, 

John  D.  Crimmins, 

H.  C.  Fahnstock, 

Charles  Isham, 

Adrian  Iselin, 

Joseph  C.  Jackson, 

26 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MOVEMENT  TO  CELEBRATE  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH 


William  Jay.  S.  Nichoison  Kane, 

William  Linn  Keese,        Rufus  King, 
Alexander  Knox,  Jonx  J.  Knox, 

Frank  R.  Lawlence.  Arthur  Leaky, 

Hy.  Brookholst  Ledyard,  Johnston  Livingston, 
Henry  G.  Habquand,         Ward  McAllister, 
Frank  D.  Millet,  Darius  O.  Mills, 

Thomas  S.  Moore,  Theodore  W.  Myers, 

Thomas  II.  Xewbold,  Stephen  H.  Olin, 
Chakles  Parsons,  Oliver  H.  Perry, 

George  Hunt  Pendleton   John  B.  Pine. 
JonN  F.  Pi.vmmer,  Fredeiuck  W.  Riiinei.ander, 

Robert  Rt  tier,  Edward  Schell, 

Augustus  F.  Schermerhorn,  John  Schuyler, 
Clarence  A.  Seward,         Robert  H.  Shannon, 
Gardiner  Sherman,  J.  Edward  Simmons, 

Wm.  D.  Sloane,  William  M.  Polk, 

Henry  L.  Slote,  James  D.  Smith, 

F.  IIorkinson  Smith,  Wm.  C.  Smith, 

Edmcnd  Clarence  Stedman,  Wm.  Steinway, 
Richard  Henry  Stoddard,  Walter  Stanton, 
Miles  Standish,  William  L.  Strong, 

Robert  Stuyvesant.  John  J.  Tucker. 

Wm.  K.  Vaxdeebilt,  Travis  Coles  Van  Biren, 

James  S.  Van  Co  rtland,    John  Barnes  Varick, 
Alexander  S.  Webb,  G.  Creighton  Webb. 

Richard  T.  Wilson,  Buchanan  Wintheoi-, 

James  Grant  Wilson,        George  Wilson. 

Stephen  M.  Wright. 
The   following   memorial  was     resented  to  Grover 
Cleveland,  President  of  the  United  States,  by  John  A. 
King,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  General  Govern- 
ment: 

"  New  York,  March  10th,  1888. 
"  To  the  President  of  the  United  States: 

"The  Centennial  Anniversary  of  the  Organization  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Government  of  the  United  States,  of  the  First  Meeting 
of  Congress,  and  of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as 
President  of  the  United  States,  in  the  City  of  New  York,  will  oc- 
cur on  the  30th  day  of  April,  1889. 

"  It  is  appropriate  that  the  anniversary  of  these  great  events 
should  be  properly  celebrated  in  the  same  city,  and  upon  the  exact 
date  and  site  of  their  occurrence,  one  hundred  years  ago. 

"  Moved  by  such  considerations,  the  citizens  of  New  York,  in 
conjunction  with  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  the  Order  of  the  Cincin- 
nati, and  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Re  volution,  have  organ- 
ized a  grand  Committee  of  Citizens,  '  on  the  Centennial  Celebra- 
tion of  April  30th,  1789,'  and  have  appointed  the  undersigned  as 
their  chief  officers,  with  instructions  to  make  the  observance  of 
the  occasion  worthy  of  the  City,  of  the  State,  and  of  the  signal 
events  to  be  commemorated ;  and,  further,  to  respectfully  ask  that 
you  will  make  this  determination  the  subject  of  a  communication 
to  Congress,  inviting  National  co-operation,  as  it  is  to  be  a  cele- 
bration in  which  the  Nation  and  the  States  should  assist  in  unison 
with  the  people  of  New  York. 

"Remarkable  and  becoming  as,  in  their  respective  localities, 
were  the  ceremonies,  in  which  all  sections  united,  in  recognition 
of  1776,  of  Yorktown,  and  of  the  formation  of  the  Federal  Consti- 
tution in  1787,  yet  is  the  anniversary  of  the  30th  of  April,  1789, 


more  noteworthy,  as  being  the  final  and  pre-eminently  the  great- 
est of  the  National  Centennials,  the  consummation  of  the  mani- 
fold blessings  attained  by  all  others  preceding,  and  commemora- 
tive of  the  taking  of  the  Oath  of  Office  by  George  Washington,  in 
the  presence  of  the  Houses  of  Congress,  whereby  the  wheels  of  a 
Republican  Constitutional  Government  were  set  in  motion,  com- 
plete in  its  Executive  and  Legislative  Branches,  and  fully  equipped 
for  its  great  work. 

"  The  precise  spot  upon  which  this  august  ceremony  took 
place,  though  now  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Unite  el  States,  was 
in  1883  crowneel  by  the  citizens  of  New  York  with  a  colossal  figure 
in  bronze  <  f  the  first  President,  with  an  inscription  upon  the 
base,  so  that  it  may  bo  marked  and  known  to  future  generation?. 

"  Around  this  hallowed  spot  the  people  of  New  York  will  gather 
in  1889,  and  as  outlined  in  the  Plan  and  Scope,  which  we  have  the 
honor  to  submit  to  you,  invitations  will  be  issueel  to  the  President 
of  the  Uniteel  States,  the  Members  of  his  Cabinet,  the  Federal  Ju- 
diciary, the  Houses  of  Congress,  tliL  Heads  of  the  Departments,, 
the  Governors  anel  Legislators  of  the  States  anel  Territories,  the 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  the  resident  represent- 
atives of  the  Foreign  Governments  having  frienelly  relations  with 
the  United  States,  anel  representatives  of  various  organizations 
and  societies  of  the  Union,  to  unite  with  them  in  appropriate  ob- 
servances  of  the  occasion.  It  is  proposed  to  confine  the  pro- 
gramme to  the  day  of  30th  of  April,  1889 ;  that  there  shall  be  a 
military  and  naval  parade,  in  which,  under  orders  issued  by  the 
President,  the  Uniteel  States  Troops  and  the  vessels  of  the  Navy 
shall  participate,  in  connection  with  the  Military  anel  Industrial 
Organizations  from  the  different  cities  and  states,  as  well  as  with 
those  of  the  City  and  State  of  New  York ;  that  some  formal  exer- 
cises shall  take  place  on  the  steps  of  the  Sub-Treasury,  where 
Washington  was  inaugurated  ;  that  there  shall  be  delivered  a  com- 
memorative oration  and  poem;  and,  finally,  that  there  shall  be  a 
banquet  to  which  the  honored  guests  of  the  City  will  be  duly  in- 
vited. 

"  The  grandeur  of  the  occasion  anel  its  appropriate  observance 
upon  the  historic  site,  in  the  midst  of  the  great  metropolis  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere,  cannot  fail  to  impress  themselves  upon  your 
own  consideration,  and,  therefore,  in  asking  your  full  co-operation 
with  us,  your  memorialists  would  respectfully  request  that  you 
may  be  pleaseel  to  draw  the  attention  of  Congress  to  this  subject 
hy  a  special  message,  and  thereby  impart  to  this  great  celebration 
the  broad  characteristic  of  nationality  in  which  the  States  and 
Territories  shoulel  fully  join. 

"Hamilton*  Fish, 

President. 
"  Abkam  S.  Hewitt, 

Chairman  of  General  Committee. 
"  Elbrioge  T.  Gerry, 

Chairman  of  Executive  Committee. 
"  Clarence  W.  Bo  wen, 

Secretary." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Plan  anel  Scope  Committee,  April 
16tb,  1888.  reports  were  received  from  Ph  lip  Schuyler, 
Chairman  of  the  Sub-Committee  on  Army,  asking  for  au 
appropriation  of  $70,000,  and  from  Stuyvesant  Fish. 
Ct airman  of  the  Sub-Committee  en  Enter  ainment,  asking 
for  an  appropriation  of  $20,000.  The  Entertainment 
Committee  also  repoi ted  that  the  night  of  Monday,  Ap  il 
29th,  1889,  was  selected  for  the  Centennial  Ball,  to  be 
given  in  the  Metropolitan  Oper.i  House,  anel  Tuesday. 
April  30th,  1889,  was  selected  for  the  banquet  in  the  same 
place. 

During  the  spring  all  the  Committees  organizes!  them- 
selves and  made  preparations  to  carry  out  the  work  as 


ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


27 


prescribed  in  the  outline  by  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  to  the  Plan 
and  Scope  Committee. 

The  Exhibition  Committee  was  merg:d  into  the  Art 
Committee,  and  chose  Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman, 
Gordon  L.  Ford,  Vice-Chairman,  and  Richard  W.  Gilder, 
Secretary,  and  the  ball-room  suite  of  rooms  of  the  Metro- 
politan Opera  House  were  ergaged  fcr  an  Art  and  Memo- 
rial Exhibition  during  the  spring  of  1889. 

No  meetings  of  the  Plan  and  Scope  Committee  were 
held  during  the  Lummer,  but  freepient  conferences  were 
held  by  the  different  members  f  he  Committee,  the  wcrk 
necessary  to  be  done  was  outlined  by  the  Chairman  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  and  the  Secretary  attended  to  the 
correspondence,  which  increased  all  through  the  summer 
months. 

In  the  fall  meetings  were*  again  he"d  by  the  different 
Sub-Committees,  in  order  th:t  the  work  might  be  pushed 
more  vigorously,  and  reports  from  the  different  Commit- 
tees were  sent  in  regularly  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee. 

The  Finance  Committee  undertook  to  raise  $ 175.000,  of 
which  $75,000  should  be  asked  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
$50,000  from  the  State  of  New  York,  and  $50,000  raised  n 
private  subscriptions. 

The  Art  and  Exhibition  Committee  engaged  William 
A.  Coffin,  the  artist,  as  their  manager,  in  order  that  his 
time  might  be  devoted  exclusively  to  the  work  of  prepar- 
ing for  the  Art  Exhibition. 

The  Committee  on  Xavy  arrangeel  to  meet  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  at  Elizabethport,  X.  J.,  on  Men- 
day,  April  29th,  1889,  and  conduct  him  to  the  foot  of  Wall 
Street,  in  Xew  York,  over  the  same  course  followeel  by 
Washington  on  his  arrival  in  Xew  York,  on  April  23d, 
1789. 

The  Committee  on  Literary  Exercises  recommended 
that  brief  religious  services  of  praise  anil  thanksgiving 
should  be  held  in  the  different  churches  in  the  city  at  nine 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  30th.  1889,  the  same  hour 
in  which  religious  services  were  held  on  April  30th.  1789, 
and  this  Committee  also  arranged  for  a  special  service  to 
be  held  in  St.  Paul's  Church,  on  April  30th,  1889,  to  be 
conducted  by  the  Bishop  of  Xew  York,  inasmuch  a?  ser- 
vices were  held  in  the  same  church  on  the  day  of  Washing- 
ton's Inauguration,  and  were  conducted  by  the  Bishop  of 
Xew  York  and  the  Chaplain  to  the  Senate,  the  Pit.  Rev. 
Er.  Provoost. 

It  was  also  agreed  that  the  formal  Literary  Exercises 
should  take  place  on  the  morning  of  Apr  1  30tl^ ,  at  the 
Sub-Treasury  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Wall  ancf  Xassau 
Streets,  where  stood  Federal  Hall,  the  scene  of  the  Inaugu- 
ration Ceremonies:  and  that  a  prayer  be  offered  by  the 
Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  a  poem  read  by  John 
Greenleaf  Whittier,  an  oration  delivered  by  Chauncey  M. 
Depew,  an  address  by  the  President  of  the  United  States, 


and  the  Benedicts  n  pronounced  by  Archbishop  Corrigan. 

In  Novembr,  permanent  headquarters  were  secured  at 
the  Stewart  Building,  280  Broadway,  a  corps  of  clerks  and 
st  nographers  were  engaged,  and  the  work  of  the  Commit- 
tee vigorously  pushed. 

The  different  states  began  to  send  in  the  names  of  the 
Commissioners  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  representation 
of  their  respective  states  at  the  celebration. 

Mr.  Gerry,  as  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
invited  the  clergymen  of  Xew  York  to  a  tend  the  meeting 
in  the  Governor's  Room  in  the  City  Hall  on  December  6th, 

1888,  in  order  that  a  Committee  of  Clergymen  could  be  ap- 
pointed to  arrange  for  religious  services  in  the  churches  of 
the  country  at  nine  o'cloc';,  a.m.,  on  April  30th,  1889. 

Grover  C  eveland,  as  President  of  the  I  nited  States, 
called  to  the  attention  of  the  country  the  importance  of  the 
celebration  in  the  following  words  in  his  Annual  Message 
to  Congress: 

"  Preparations  for  the  Centennial  Celebration,  on  April  30th, 

1889,  of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of 
the  United  States,  at  the  City  of  New  York,  have  been  made  by  a 
voluntary  organization  of  the  citizens  of  that  locality,  and  believ- 
ing that  an  opportunity  should  be  afforded  for  the  expression  of 
the  interest  felt  throughout  the  country  in  this  event,  I  respect- 
fully recommend  fitting  and  co-operative  action  by  Congress  on 
behalf  of  the  people  of  the  United  States." 

It  would  till  a  volume  to  print  all  the  reports  of  the  ten 
Committees  who  have  had  in  preparation  the  work  for  the 
Celebration  of  Washington's  Inauguration. 

Additi  nal  names  were  added  to  the  Sub-Committees 
and  to  the  General  Committee  from  time  to  t'me;  the  orig- 
inal plans  were  modifieel  to  some  extent  as  the  intere  t  in 
the  Celebration  increased. 

It  was  originally  proposed  to  have  the  Reviewing 
Stand  on  the  steps  of  the  Sub-Treasury,  and  to  have  the 
soldiers  pass  by  after  the  Literary  Exercises  were  finished; 
but  at  a  meeting  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  by  the 
different  states  ami  territories,  which  was  held  in  the  Gov- 
ernor's Room  in  th  City  Hall,  January  8th,  1889,  a  discus- 
sion took  place  which  showed  the  impracticability  of  hav- 
ing the  reviewing  stanel  on  the  ste;s  of  the  Sub-Treasury. 
It  was  found  that  so  many  thousands  of  troops  would  be 
in  Xew  York  on  April  30th,  that  it  woidd  be  impossible  to 
concentrate  them  in  lower  Broadway.  It  was  determinsel, 
therefore,  to  have  the  reviewing  stanel  on  Madison  Sepiare, 
and  it  was  also  determined  to  have  the  Industrial  Parade 
May  1st,  instead  of  Tuesday,  April  30th,  1889,  as  originally 
proposed. 

During  the  winter,  Elbridge  T.  Gerry,  Chairman  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  made  f  ur  or  five  visits  to  Albany, 
to  attend  to  the  passage  of  a  bill  by  the  Legislature,  appro- 
priating $75  000  for  the  purposes  of  the  Celebration. 

The  money  finally  appropriated  by  the  State  of  Xew 
York  was  $200,000,  of  which  $125  000  was  for  the  Xa- 
tional  Guard,  $20,000  for  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, and  $55,000  for  the  Committee  in  Xew  York. 


23  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH   ANNIVERSARY  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION. 


The  Plan  and  Scope  Committee  met  frequently  dur- 
ing the  winter  to  approve  of  the  plans  submitted  1)  the 
other  Committees,  and  to  consent  t  )  the  appropriations 
of  m  ney  asked  by  the  Committees  for  carrying  on  the 
work. 

The  Army  Committee  engaged  headquarters  at  the 
Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  and  have  been  hard  at  work  in  ar- 
ranging the  details  for  the  Military  and  Industrial  Pa- 
rade. 

The  task  of  the  Naval  Committee  has  been  no  light  one 
in  making  preparations  for  the  grand  naval  display  in  New 
York  Harbor  on  April  29th,  1889. 

Th ;  Committee  on  Entertainment  have  held  frequent 
meetings  for  the  discussion  of  plans  and  in  arranging  the 
many  details  conceded  with  the  Ball  and  Banquet  to  be 
given  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  on  Mo  :day  and 
Tuesday,  April  29th  and  30th,  1889 

The  Committee  on  Railroads  and  Transportation  ar- 
ranged with  the  different  railroads  of  the  country  for  ex- 
clusion rates,  and  the  Art  Committee  have  been  planning 
for  a  most  interesting  collection  of  portraits  of  Washington 


and  the  Members  of  the  First  Congres  ,  and  of  relics  of  the 
time  of  Washington  for  the  Art  Exhibition. 

The  Committee  on  General  Government  through  its 
Chairman.  John  A.  King,  '  as  been  in  constant  communi- 
cation with  the  authorities  in  Washington 

The  work  •  f  the  Committee  cn  States  has  been  ardu- 
ous, and  the  plans  made  to  entertain  the  Commissioners 
from  the  different  states  have  been  such  as  will  add  to  the 
national  character  of  the  Celebration 

To  the  Chairmen  of  the  different  Sub-Committees  is  due 
the  greatest  credit  for  the  vast  amount  of  work  done  in 
preparing  for  the  Centennial  Celebration  cf  Washington's 
Inauguration. 

The  members  of  the  different  Sub-Committees  have  all 
done  in  a  most  satisfactory  way  their  share  of  the  work. 
The  great  interest  manifested  throughout  the  country  in 
the  Celebration  lias  made  the  Committees  more  eager  t ) 
perform  aright  the  work  assigned  to  them.  They  have 
done  their  work  intelligently  and  enthusiastically,  and  it 
is  believed  that  the  Celebration  of  Washington's  Inaugura- 
tion as  First  President  of  the  United  States,  will  be  in  every 
way  worthy  of  the  great  City  of  New  York. 


COMMITTEES 


ON  THE  CENTENNIAL  OF  WASHING- 
TON'S INAUGURATION. 


OFFICEES : 


HAMILTON  FISH, 

PRESIDENT, 


HUGH  J.  GRANT,  ELBRIDG-E  T.  GERRY, 

CHAIRMAN,  CHAIRMAN  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

CLARENCE  W.  BOWEN,  Secretary. 


SUB-COMMITTEES : 


No.  1.— PLAN  AND  SCOPE. 

Hugh  J.  Grant,  Chairman. 
Samuel  D.  Babcock,  Abram  S.  Hewitt. 

Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Frederick  S.  Tallmadge, 

James  M.  Varnum. 

No.  2.— STATES. 

William  G.  Hamilton,  Chairman. 


E.  Ellert  Anderson, 
Samuel  Borrowe, 
James  C.  Carter, 
Col.  Floyd  Clarkson, 
Jacob  A.  Cantor, 
James  W.  Husted, 


Henry  W.  Le  Roy, 

John  B.  Pine, 

Theodore  Roosevelt, 

John  Schuyler, 

J.  T.  Van  Rensselaer, 

James  M.  Montgomery',  Sec. 


No.  3.— GENERAL  GOVERNMENT. 

John  A.  King,  Chairman. 
Edward  Cooper,  John  Jay, 

Frederick  J.  De  Peyster,  Wm.  H.  Robertson, 
Wm.  M.  Eyarts,  Cornelius  Vanderbilt. 

Wm.  R.  Grace,  Wm.  H.  Wickham, 

Hon.  Frank  S.  Hisoock,     Seth  Low,  Secretary. 

No.   4.— ARMY  (MILITARY    AND  INDUSTRIAL 
PARADE). 

S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cruger,  Chairman. 
Gen.  JonN  Cochrane,         Frederick  D.  Tappan, 
Frederick  Gallatin,  Locke  W.  Winchester, 

J.  Hampden  Robb,  John  C.  Tomlinson,  Sec. 

No.  5  —NAVY. 

Asa  Bird  Gardner,  Chairman.  * 


John  S.  Barnes, 
Frederick  R.  Coudert, 
Alfred  C.  Cheney, 
Captain  Henry  Erben, 
Lotall  Farragut, 
Ogden  Goelet, 


George  G.  Haven, 
D.  Willis  James, 
John  J.  Pierrepont, 
Jackson  S.  Shultz, 
Buchanan  Winthrop, 
S.  Nicholson  Kane,  Sec. 


No.  6.— ENTERTAINMENT. 

Stuyvesant  Fish,  Chairman. 


Wm.  Waldorf  Astor, 
Wm.  B.  Beekman, 
S.  L.  M.  Barlow, 
Robert  Goelet, 
Wm.  Jay, 


GOUVERNEUR  MORRIS, 

Stephen  H.  Olin, 
Wm.  E.  D.  Stokes, 
Wm.  K.  Vanderbilt, 
Egerton  L.  Wixthrop, 


No.  7. — FINANCE. 

Brayton  Ives,  Chairman. 


James  M.  Brown, 
Allan  Campbell, 
Louis  Fitzgerald, 
Henry  P.  Hyde, 
Eugene  Kelly, 
John  J.  Knox, 
Edward  V.  Loew, 


Darius  O.  Mills, 
John  F.  Plummer, 
J.  Edward  Simmons, 
John  Sloane, 
James  D.  Smith, 
Walter  Stanton, 
Richard  T.  Wilson, 
Delancey  Nicoll,  Secretary. 
No.  8.— RAILROADS  AND  TRANSPORTATION. 

Orlando  B.  Potter,  Chairman. 
Ciiauncey  M.  Depew,  Thomas  S.  Moore, 

Charles  W.  Dayton,  Clifford  Stanley  Sims, 

Josiah  M.  Fisk,  Erastus  Wiman, 

James  Duane  Livingston,  Secretary. 
No.  9.— ART. 
Henry  G.  Marquand,  Chairman. 


H.  H.  Boyesen, 
John  L.  Cadwalader, 
A.  W.  Drake, 
Wm.  E.  Dodge, 
Gordon  L.  Ford, 
Daniel  Huntington, 
Chas.  Henry  Hart, 


Frank  D.  Millet 
Charles  Parsons, 
Oliver  H.  Perry, 
Chas.  H.  Russell,  Jr., 
F  Hopkinson  Smith, 
Rutherford  Stuyvesant, 
Lispenard  Stewart, 


Richard  W.  Gilder,  Secretary. 
No.  10.— LITERARY  EXERCISES. 

Clarence  W.  Bowen,         Elbridge  T.  Gerry. 


:i  i 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  CENTENNIAL  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUOURATIOK. 


Ghables  H.  Adams, 
Charles  F.  Allen, 
E.  Elleky  Anderson, 
Chester  Alan  Arthur, 

WM.   WaUDOBT  AsTOR, 

RlCnARD  T.  Auchmuty, 
John'  J.  Astoe,  Je., 
Samuel  D.  Babcook, 
John  S.  Baenes, 
S.  L.  M.  Baelow, 
Waeeen  C.  Beach, 
Feedeeick  A.  Benjamin, 
J.  W.  Beekman, 
War.  B.  Beekman, 
Robert  L.  Belknap, 
George  Bliss, 
Coenelixjs  N.  Bliss, 
John  H.  Bird, 
William  H.  Bissell, 
Samuel  Borrows, 
Edwin  Booth, 
H.  H.  Boyesen, 
Clarence  W.  Bowen, 
James  M.  Brown, 
James  J.  Burnet, 
Allan  Campbell, 
John  L.  Cadwalader, 
Jacob  A.  Cantor, 
James  C.  Carter, 
Henry  Guy  Carleton, 
Alfred  C.  Cheney, 
Alexander  J.  Clinton, 
Floyd  Clarkson, 
Frederick  Clarkson, 
Banyer  Clarkson, 
John  Clafi.in, 
Charles  A.  Coe, 
Moncure  D.  Conway, 
Alfred  R.  Conkling, 
Washington  E.  Connor, 
James  M.  Constable, 
Edward  Cooper, 
John  Cochrane, 
Frederick  R.  Coudert, 
Edwin  A.  Cruikshank, 
S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cruge 
William  Henry  Crosby, 
W.  Bayard  Cutting, 
Harrison  Clark, 
John  D.  Crimmins, 


GENEKAL 

Charles  P.  Daly, 
Charles  W.  Dayton, 
Richard  T.  Dayies, 

ClIAUNCEY  M.  DEPEW, 

F.  J.  De  Peystee, 
E.  F.  De  Lancey, 
George  G.  De  Witt, 
Richard  V.  De  Witt, 
L.  P.  Di  Cesnola, 
Morgan  Dix, 
William  E.  Dodge, 
A.  W.  Drake, 
Franklin  Edson, 
Edw.  M.  L.  Ehlers, 
Thomas  Addis  Emmet, 
Henry  Erben, 
William  M.  Evarts, 

LoYALL  FARRAGUT 
STU YVES ANT  FlSH, 

Hamilton  Fish, 
Louis  Fitzgerald, 
JosiAn  M.  Fiske, 
H.  C.  Fahnestock, 
Gordon  L.  Ford, 
Frederick  Gallatin, 
Asa  Bird  Gardiner, 
George  Clinton  Genet, 
William  H.  Gedney, 
Elbridge  T.  Gerry, 
RicnARD  W.  Gilder, 
Ogden  Goelet, 
Robert  Goelet, 
Hugh  J.  Grant, 
William  R.  Grace, 
George  G.  Haven, 
Schuyler  Hamilton, 
William  G.  Hamilton, 
Chas.  Henry  Hart, 
Charles  Hauselt, 
Abram  S.  Hewitt, 
Edmund  Hendricks, 
Frank  Hiscock 
Daniel  Huntington, 
James  W.  Husted, 
Henry  B.  Hyde, 

:,Cn ARLES  IsHAM, 

Adrian  Iselin, 
Brayton  Ives, 
Joseph  C.  Jackson, 
D.  Willis  James, 


COMMITTEE : 

William  Jay, 
John  Jay, 
JonN  D.  W.  Jones, 
S.  NicnoLsoN  Kane, 
William  Linn  Keese, 
Eugene  Kelly, 
John  A.  King, 
Rufus  King, 
Alex.  Knox, 
John  J.  Knox, 
Frank  R.  Lawrence, 
Arthur  Leary, 
Henry  B.  Ledyaed, 
Henry  W.  LeRoy, 
Johnston  Livingston, 
James  D.  Livingston, 
Seth  Low, 
Edward  V.  Loew, 

H.  G.  Marquand, 
Ward  McAllister, 
Frank  D.  Millet, 
Darius  O.  Mills, 
Jacob  B.  Moore, 
TnoMAs  S.  Moore, 

I.  M.  Montgomery, 
Gouverneur  Morris, 
Louis  G.  Morris, 

J.  Pieerepont  Morgan, 
Theodore  W.  Myers, 
Thomas  H.  Newbold, 
De  Lancey  Nicoll, 
Stephen  H.  Olin, 
Oswald  Ottendorfer, 
Charles  Parsons, 
Oliver  H.  Perry, 
George  H.  Pendleton, 
John  B.  Pine, 
John  J.  Pieerepont, 
John  F.  Plummer, 
William  M.  Polk, 
Orlando  B.  Potter, 
F.  W.  Rhinelander, 
Robert  R.  Roosevelt, 
Theodore  Roosevelt, 
J.  Hampden  Robb, 
Wm.  II.  Robertson, 
Chas.  H.  Russell,  Jr., 
Robert  Rutter, 
Robert  Schell, 
Edward  Schell, 


F.  A.  Schermerhorn, 
John  Schuyler, 
Philip  Schuyler, 
Jesse  Seligman, 
Clarence  A.  Seward, 
Robt.  H.  Shannon, 
Gardiner  Sherman, 
Jackson  S.  Shultz, 
Clifford  S.  Sims, 
J.  Edward  Simmons, 
John  Sloane, 
William  D.  Sloane, 
Henry  L.  Slote, 
James  D.  Smith, 
F.  Hopkinson  Smith, 
William  C.  Smith, 
William  Steinway, 
Richard  H.  Stoddard, 
William  E.  D.  Stokes, 
Rutherford  Stuyvesant, 
Lispenard  Stewart, 
Walter  Stanton, 
John  A.  Stevens, 
Myles  Standish, 
William  L.  Strong, 
F.  S.  Tallmadge, 

F.  D.  Tappan, 
Daniel  F.  Tieman, 
John  C.  Tomlinson, 
John  J.  Tucker, 
Cornelius  Vanderbilt, 
Wm.  K.  Vanderbilt, 
T.  C  Van  Buren, 

J.  S.  Van  Courtland, 
J.  T.  Van  Rensselaer, 
JonN  Barnes  Variok, 
James  M.  Varnum, 
Andrew  Warner, 
Alexander  S.  Webb, 

G.  Creighton  Webb, 
John  A.  Weekes, 
Erastus  Wiman, 
Locke  W.  Winchester, 
Wm.  II.  Wickham, 
Richard  T.  Wilson, 
Buchanan  Winthrop, 
Edgerton  L.  Winthrop, 
James  Grant  Wilson, 
George  Wilson, 
Stephen  M.  Wright. 


COMMITTEES  ON  THE  CENTENNIAL  OF  WASHINGTON'S  INAUGURATION 


31 


SPECIAL  COMMITTEES: 


ST.  PAUL'S  CHURCH   SPECIAL  COMMITTEE. 

Rev.  Dh.  Morgan  Dix,  S.  Van  Rensselaer  Cexjger, 
Richard  T.  Auohmlty,       William  Jay. 

Frederick  Clark  son. 
AISLE  COMMITTEE.— ST.  PAUL'S  CHAPEL. 

David  Augustus  Clarkson,  Chairman,  a  descendant  of 
Chancellor  Livingston.  Warden  in  1785,  and  of  David 
Clarkson,  Warden  in  1770. 

Howland  Pell,  Secretary,  a  descendant  of  John  Pell, 
Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Pelham.  1669. 

Hallejt  Alsop  Borrows, representing  the  llallett  and 
Alsop  families. 

Temple  Bowdoin,  a  descendant  of  Gen.  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton. 

Amory  Sibley  Carhart,  a  great-great-grandson  of  Maj. 
Cornelius  Carhart  and  of  Col.  Joseph  Beavers,  of  the  Rev. 
olutionary  Army. 

Banyek  Clarkson,  a  descendant  of  Chief -Justice  Jay, 
Warden  in  1789,  and  of  Gen.  Matthew  Clarkson.  Vestry- 
man m  1789. 

John  Langdon  Erving  great-great-grandson  of  John 
Langdon,  First  President  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate. 

Dr.  John  Clarkson  Jay,  great-grandson  of  Chief- 
Justice  John  Jay. 

Edward  A.  Le  Roy,  Jr.,  a  descendant  of  Jacob  Le  Roy 
Vestryman. 

Philip  L.  Livingston,  a  great-great-grandson  of  Philip 
Livingston,  Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

Edward  de  Peyster  Livingston,  a  descendant  of 
Chancellor  Robert  R.  Livingston. 

William  Bard  McVickar.  a  descendant  of  Dr.  Samuel 
Bard,  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
in  New  York,  and  Vestryman  in  1788. 

Richard  Malcolm  Montgomery,  a  descendant  cf  Gen. 
Wm.  Malcolm,  colonel  commanding  2d  N.  Y.,  1776  to 
1778.  Vestryman  Trinity  Church.  Brigadier-General 
commanding  militia  New  York  and  Richmond  coun- 
ties at  Inauguration  of  Washington. 

Newbold  Morris,  great-great-grandson  of  Louis  Morris, 
Signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

Ludlow  Ogden,  representing  the  Ludlow  and  Ogden 
families. 

T.  J.  Oakley  Rhinei.axdek,  great-grandson  of  Henry 
Cruger. 

Winthrop  Rutherford,  a  descendant  of  Col.  John  Ruth- 
erford, of  the  Revolution,  and  Vestryman  in  1787. 

William  H.  Russell,  .a  descendant  of  the  Alexander 
a'nd  Russell  families. 


Samuel  Ai-chmuty  Tucker,  a  descendant  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Samuel  Auchmuty,  Rector  from  1764  to  1777. 

Augustus  Van  Cortlandt.  Jr..,  great-great-grandson 
of  Augustus  Van  Cortlandt,  Vestryman  in  1784.  ■ 

Charles  Van  Rensselaer,  representing  the  Van  Rensse- 
laer family. 

Robert  T.  Yarnim,  representing  Gen.  James  M.  Var- 
uum. 

John  Tillotson  Wainwright,     eat-great-grandson  of 
Chancellor  Livingston. 
J.  Lguis  Webb,  grandson  of  Gen.  Samuel  B.  Webb. 

PLATFORM  COMMITTEE.— SUB-TREASURY. 

Johnston  Livingston  De  Peystfu,  Chairman, 
Frank  S.  WitherBee,  Se&y,  Gafdner  Sherman, 
Louis  H.  Livingston.  W.  E.  D.  Stokes, 

G.  Creighton  Webb,  Lispenard  Stewart. 

Nicholas  Fish.  Charles  H.  Russell,  Jr., 

Arthur  de  Windt,  Alfred  R.  Conkling, 

T.  B.  Bleeoker,  William  Cary  Sanger, 

William  Pierson  Hamilton,    John  Anthon. 
Brooks  Adams,  J.  Lawrence  Aspinwai.l. 

Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  Jr. 
MILITARY  ORDER  OF  THE  LEGION  OF  HONOR 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Alex.  S.  Webb,  Brevet  Major-General  late  U.  S.  A. 

John  Cochrane,  late  Brig. -General,  U.  S.  Vols. 

L.  P.  Di  Cesnola,  late  Colonel  U.  S.  Vols. 

Floyd  Clarkson,  late  Brevet  Lieut. -Col.  U.  S.  Vols. 

Loyall  Farragut,  late  Second  Lieut.  U.  S.  A. 

COMMITTEE  OF  TEN  CLERGYMEN. 

Episcopal — Brown, Rev.  J.W..D.D.,  St.  Thomas'  Church; 
Donald,  Rev.  E.  W.,  D.D.,  Church  of  the  Ascension. 

Roman  Catholic— Martin  J.  Brophy. 

Dutch  Reform — Chambers.  Rev.  Talbot  W.,  D.D., 

~enior  Pastor  Collegiate  Dutch  Church. 

Presbyterian— Hall,  Rev.  John.  D.D  ,  Pastor  Fifth 
Avenue  Church. 

Methodist — King,  Rev.  J.M.,  D  D.,  Park  Aveuue  Church. 

Baptist — McArthur,  Rev.  R.  S.,  D.D.,  Calvary  Church. 

Hebrew — Gottheil,  Rev.  Gustav,  Rabbi, Temple  Emaou- 
El. 

Lutheran — Krotel,  Rev.  G.  F.,  D.D.,  Pastor  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church. 

Congregational — Taylor,  Rev.  Wm.  M  ,  D.D.,  Broad- 
way Tabernacle. 

Ward,  Rev.  William  Hayes,  D.D  ,  LL.D  ,  Editor  of 
Independent. 


COMMISSIONERS. 


DELAWARE. 

Gov.  B.  T.  Biggs,  Hon  Thomas  P.  Bayahd. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 
Gov.  James  A.  Beaver,       John  W.  Woodsidk. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

Gov.  Rout.  8.  Green,  Hon.  Alex.  T.  MoGill. 

GEORGIA. 

Gov.  John  B.  Gordon. 
CONNECTICUT. 

Gov.  Morgan  ft.  Buckei.ey,  Henry  C.  Sturges, 
Maj.  John  C.  Kinney,         Maj.-Gen.  A.  H.  Terkv, 
Hon.  Geo.  P.  McLean,         Prof.  Chas.  F.  Johnson, 
Hon.  Frank  E.  Hytde,  Prof.  Simeon  E.  Baldwin, 

Hon.  Alexander  Warner,  Dr.  P.  E.  V.  Ellsworth, 
Jonathan  Trumbull. 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Gov.  Oliver  Ames,  Hon.  W.  A.  Towbe, 

Gen.  S.  Dai.ton. 
MARYLAND. 
Gov.  E.  E.  Jackson,  Albert  Ritchie, 

Ex-Gov.  Henry  Li.oyd,  Ex-Gov.  Oden  Bowie, 
Hon.  John  Carroll  "Walsh, Col.  H.  Kyd  Douglass, 
Hon.  John.  H.  B.  Latrobe,  Col.  S.  E.  Blunt. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

i 

Gov.  John  P.  Richardson,   Hon.  James  A.  Hoyt. 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Gov.  C.  H.  Sawyer,  J.  Albert  Walker, 

Hon.  Samuel  C.  Eastman,   Charles  H.  Amsden, 
Stillson  Hutchins,  Elisha  R.  Brown. 

VIRGINIA. 

Gov.  Fitz-Hugh  Lee,  Judge  Waller  R.  Staples, 

Ex-Gov.  James  L.  Kemper,  Hon.  Holmes  Conrad, 
Judge  W.  W.  Crump,  Capt.  Phil.  McKinney, 

Hon.  J.  Randolph  Tucker,  Col.  Walter  H.  Taylor. 

NEW  YORK. 
Gov.  David  B.  Hill,  Lieut.-Gov.  E.  F.  Jones. 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 
Gov.  Daniel  Gould  Fowle,  Col.  J.  A.  Farney, 
Col.  W.  F.  Beabley,  Col.  R.  O.  Gregory. 

Hon.  James  E.  Moore,         Hon.  C.  C.  Clark, 
Col.  Frank  Coxe,  John  P.  Caldwell, 

Capt.  E.  R.  Stamps,  Julian  F.  Carr. 

RHODE  ISLAND. 
Gov.  Royal  C.  Taft,         Gen.  Elisha  Dyer,  Je. 


KENTUCKY. 

Gov.  Simon  B.  Buckner,      Ex-Gov.  .'J.  R.  Hindman, 
John  C.  Latham,  Hon.  CA88IU8  M.  Clay,  Jr., 

lion.  Henry  D.  McHenry,  Mayor  Ciias.  Reed, 
Hon.  Henry  C.  McDowell,  Hon.  W.  H.  Thomas, 
Hon.  A.  S.  Berry,  Hon.  W.  H.  Yost, 

Hon.  Wilbur  F.  Browder,  Hon.  Samuel  Stone. 
Col.  John  H.  Ward,  Hon.  A.  J.  DeJarnette, 

Gen.  T.  T.  Garrard,  Hon.  John  Mason  Brown, 

Hon.  J.  K.  Hendrick,  Hon.  John  Feland. 

Hon.  Chas.  D.  Jacob,  Hon.  W.  C.  Goodloe, 

Col.  A.-W.  Hamilton,         Judge  J.  II.  Tinsley, 
Col.  Walter  A.  Harkins,   Judge  William  Lindsay. 

VERMONT. 

Gov.  Wm.  P.  Dillingham.    Hon.  L.  G.  Kingsley, 

Hon.  Levi  S.  Fuller.         Hon.  J.  Gregory  Smith, 

Gen.  Theodore  S.  Peck,     Gen.  P.  P.  Pitkin 

Gen.  J.  G.  McCoulloch        C.  A.  Ford, 

Hon.  Franklin  Fairbanks,  Lt.-Gov.  W.  A.  Woodbuey. 

TENNESSEE. 

Hon.  A.  S.  Colyar.  Hon.  John  B.  Stokeley, 

Hon.  A.  S.  Demobs,  Hon.  M.  M.  Hope, 

Hon.  J.  W.  Clapp,  Hon.  Samuel  W.  Hawkins, 

Hon.  Luke  E.  Weight,        Rt.  Rev.  C.  T.  Quintakd, 
Hon.  S.  J.  Kirkpatriok,      Gen.  G.  P.  Thurston, 
John  M.  Lea. 

OHIO. 

Gov.  Joseph  B.  Foraker,     Hon.  John  W.  Hereon, 
Hou.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes. Hon.  Clinton  D.  Firestone, 
Hon.  Asa  S.  Busiinell,        Hon.  Myron  T.  IIerriok, 
Hon.  William  S.  Groesbec K.Hon.  Selwyn  N.  Owen. 

LOUISIANA. 

Gov.  Francis  T.  Nicholls. 
INDIANA. 

Gov.  Alvin  T.  Hovey,  Hon.  R.  W.  Thompson, 
Hon.CiiARLEs  W.  Fairbanks, Hon.  John  A.  IIolman. 

MISSISSIPPI. 
Att'y-Gen.  T.  M.  Miller,      Judge  S.  R.  Bertron, 
Judge  S.  S.  Calhoun,  Judge  John  M.  Turner. 

ILLINOIS. 
Gov.  Joseph  W.  Fifer,        John  B.  Drake. 

ALABAMA. 

Gov.  Thomas  Seay,  Francis  B.  Claek 


COMMISSIONERS. 


33 


MAINE. 

Gov.  Edwin  C.  Burleigh,     Hon.  Patson  Tuokee, 


Hon.  Selden  Connor, 
lion.  John  A.  Peters, 
Hon.  Atremas  Libbet, 
Hon.  Arthur  Sewaxl, 
Hon.  W.  L.  Putnam. 


Hon.  Lewis  Barker, 
Hon.  Charles  F.  Libbey, 
Hon.  Chas.  J.  Chapman, 
Hon.  Chas.  F.  Bragg, 
Hon.  Fkederiok  A.  Powers, 
Hon.  Frederick  Robie. 
MISSOURI. 

Gov.  David  B.  Francis,      Gen.  Terman  A.  Rotier. 
Hon.  D.  II.  Armstrong,      Gen.  B.  G.  Boon, 
Gen.  D.  M.  Frost,  Hon.  Rufus  Anderson, 

Ex-Gov.  E.  O.  Stannard,     Dr.  E.  A.  Donlix, 
Hon.  Charles  B.  McAfee,    Benjamin  Tureman, 
Hon.  Henry  C.  Kumpf. 
ARKANSAS. 
Gov.  James  P.  Eagle,         Hon.  M.  L.  Bell, 
Judge  B.  J.  Brown,  Hon.  Ben.j.  F.  Duvall, 

Gen.  D.  W.  Jones,  Hon.  James  C.  Tappan, 

Hon.  John  Rose,  Hon.  Paul  Jones, 

Hon.  O.  W.  Watkins. 
MICHIGAN. 
Gov.  C.  G.  Luce,  Hon.  Thos.  W.  Ferry, 

Henry  B.  Ledyabd,  Pnn.  Parson, 

Col.  Henry  M.  Duffiei.d,     A.  B.  Turner, 
J.  B.  Mulliken. 
FLORIDA. 

John  G  Burbridge,  Gen.  William  Miller 

Albert  W.  Gilchrist. 
TEXAS. 

Hon.  John  Hancock, 
Hon.  W.  W.  Cleveland, 
Hon.  Samuel  Maverick. 
IOWA. 

Gov.  William  Larrabee,     Hon.  James  Harlan. 

WISCONSIN. 
Gov.  William  Hoard,         Hon.  Horace  Rublee, 
Hon.  T.  R.  Hudd,  Ogden  H.  Fethers. 

CALIFORNIA. 
Senator  L.  A.  Stanford,     Congressman  Briggs, 
Senator  J.  G.  Hearst,  Congressman  Thompson, 

Congressman W.W.Marrow, Congressman  Vandever, 
Congressman  Felton,  Congressman  Waterman. 

Congressman  MoKenna,      Hon.  C.  N.  Fenton. 

MINNESOTA. 
Gov.  William  R.  Merriam,  Lieut.-Gov.  A.  E.  Rice, 
Alexander  M.  Peabody. 

OREGON. 
Gov.  Sylvester  Pennoyer. 
KANSAS. 

Hon.  Eugene  F.  Ware,       Col.  W.  B.  Stone, 
Capt.  George  R.  Peck,       Maj.  Calvin  Hood, 
Hon.  Charles  K.  Wells,     Capt.  Perry  Hutchinson, 
Hon.  D.  E.  Cornell,  Hon.  A.  H.  Ellis, 

Col.  H.  W.  Lewis. 


WEST  VIRGINIA. 

Hon.  Henry  S.  Walker,     Hon.  J.  J.  Woods, 


Joe  H.  Stewart, 
Hon.  Henry  Exall, 
Hon.  Peter  Smith, 


Hon.  W.  V.  Thompson, 
Hon.  P.  T.  Duffy, 
Hon.  B.  S.  Morgan, 
Hon.  Alfred  Caldwell, 
Hon.  R.  P.  Chew, 
Hon.  D.  B.  Lucas, 
Hon.  B.  C.  Washington, 
Hon.  Joseph  Sprigg, 
Hon.  S.  L.  Flournoy, 
Hon.  John  J.  Davis, 
Col.  J.  W.  St.  Clair, 
Gov.  J.  B.  Jackson, 


Hon.  H.  J.  Samuels, 
Eustace  Gibson, 
Hon.  John  W.  Arbuckle, 
Hon.  J.  B.  Taney, 
Col.  A.  A.  Franzheim, 
Hon.  J.  C.  Alderson, 
Hon.  Henry  C.  Davis, 
Gen.  E.  L.  Ward, 
Hon.  N.  B.  Scott, 
Hon.  Edwin  Maxwell, 
Hon.  P.  W.  Morris, 
Gen.  J.  H.  Duvall, 


Gen.  C.  B.  Hart. 
NEVADA. 
Hon.  H.  F.  Bartine. 
NEBRASKA. 
Gov.  John  M.  Thayer,        Hon.  John  L.  Webster 
COLORADO. 

Gov.  J.  A.  Cooper, 
Hon.  Ed.  C.  Woloott, 


Hon.  Benj.  F.  Crowell, 
Charles  B.  Kountze. 


ALASKA. 

Thomas  Shepard  Nowell. 
ARIZONA. 

Gov.  Lewis  Wolfley,         John  M.  Evans. 

DAKOTA. 

Gov.  Arthur  C.  Mellette. 

IDAHO. 

Hon.  Frederick  T.  Dubois. 

MONTANA. 

Gov.  Benj.  F.  White,  Russell  B.  Harrison, 


Ex-Gov.  S.  T.  Hansen, 


Hon.  W.  A.  Clarke. 


NEW  MEXICO. 

Gov.  L.  Bradford  Prince. 

UTAH. 

J.  E.  DOOLEY. 

WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

Gov.  Mils*  C.  Moore,  Watson  C.  Squire 

Samuel  A.  Wheelwright,    J.  J.  Browne. 

WYOMING. 

Frank  S.  Lusk. 
INDIAN  TERRITORY. 
Gen.  Pleasant  Porter. 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Pres't  of  Commissioners,  W.  B.  Webb. 


PROGRAMME. 


Wednesday,  April  17th. 

I.  Formal  opening  of  the  Loan  Exhibition  of  Historical 
Portraits  and  Relics  in  the  Assembly  Rooms  of  the  Metro- 
politan Opera  Honse,  at  8:80  p.  m.  The  Loan  Exhibition 
will  be  open  to  the  public  on  Thursday,  April  18th.  and 
remain  open,  Sundays  excepted,  from  10  a.  m.  to  6  v.  m., 
and  from  7  p.  m.  to  10  p.  m.,  until  Wednesday,  May  8th. 
Admission  fee,  fifty  cents. 

Monday,  April  29th. 

II.  The  Naval  Parade  will  take  place  in  New  York  Har- 
bor, from  11  a.  M.  to  1  p.  m. 

The  Governors,  Commissioners  of  States,  and  other 
guests  with  ladies  invited  by  the  Committee  on  States  and 
the  members  of  the  General  Committee  will  embark  at  9:30 
\.  M.,  on  the  steamer  "  Erastus  Wiman"  at  ferry  slip  foot 
of  West  23d  St.,  New  York  City,  to  receive  the  President, 
and  to  meet  the  President's  steamer  off  Elizabethport. 
Admittance  by  special  Blue  ticket. 

On  the  arrival  of  President  Harrison  and  the  Cabinet 
officers,  and  other  officials  of  distinction,  at  Elizabethport, 
at  11  o'clock  Monday  morning,  the  party  will  at  once  em- 
bark for  New  York  City.  The  President  and  immediate 
Suite  will  be  received  by  the  Committee  on  Navy,  and  un- 
der their  direction  will  embark  on  the  President's  steamer 
provided  by  that  Committee. 

The  steamer  "  Sirius,"  under  the  management  of  the 
Committee  on  Navy,  will  receive  at  Elizabethport  other 
guests  and  official  personages  of  the  Presidential  p  Tty  who 
cannot  be  accommodated  on  the  President's  steamer.  Ad- 
mission to  steamer  "  Sirius"  will  be  by  Red  ticket. 
The  line  of  United  States  ships  of  war,  yachts  and  steam- 
boats will  be  formed  in  the  upper  Bay  under  Admiral 
David  D.  Porter,  U.  S.  N.,  as  Chief  Marshal,  and  will  be 
reviewed  by  the  President. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  Presidential  party  in  the  East 
River,  opposite  Wall  Street,  a  barge  manned  by  a  crew 
of  ship  masters  from  the  Marine  Society  of  the  Port 
of  New  York,  with  Captain  Ambrose  Snow,  President 
of  that  Society,  as  coxswain,  will  row  the  President 
ashore.  The  crew  of  the  barge  that  rowed  President 
Washington  from  Elizabethport  to  the  foot  of  Wall 
Street  were  members  of  the  same  Society.  The 
steamers  "Erastus  Wiman"  and  "  Sirius,"  prior  to  the  de- 
barkation of  the  President,  will  land  at  Pier  l(i,  Wall 
Street,  the  guests  for  the  Reception  at  the  Equitable 
Building,  and  proceed  with  the  remaining  passengers  to 
West  23d  Street  Ferry  and  West  22d  Street. 


HI.  On  arriving  at  foot  of  Wall  Street  the  President  of 
the  United  States  will  be  received  by  the  Governor  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  President  of  the  Committee,  and 
William  G.  Hamilton,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
States. 

The  President  and  other  guests  will  next  be  escorted  to 
the  Equitable  Building,  where  a  reception  and  collation 
will  be  tendered  them  by  the  Committee  on  States. 
The  procession  will  be  formed  as  follows: 

Brevet  Lt.-Col.  Floyd  Clarkson,  Marshal. 
Band  5th  Regt.  U.  S.  Artillery. 
Three  foot  batteries  5th  Regt.  U.  S.  Artillery. 
New  York  Commandery  of  the  Loyal  Legi  jn  of  the  U.  S. 
Commanders  of  Posts  of  ihe  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 
in  counties  of  New  York  and  Kings. 
Cappa's  Band. 

Uniformed  Battalion  of  Veterans  7th  Regt.  N.  G.  S.  N.  Y. 
Uniformed  Veteran  Militia  Associations  of  New  York  and 

Brooklyn. 

Band  of  the  General  Service,  U.  S.  Army. 
Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

The  General  Committee  of  the  Centennial  Celebration. 

The  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Governor  of 
the  State  of  New  York,  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
and  the  Hon.  Hamilton  Fish,  President  of  the  Committee, 
flanked  by  th  barge  crew  from  the  Marine  Society  of  the 
Port  of  New  York. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  and  Lieut.- 
Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  Secretaries  of  State,  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  of 
the  United  States. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  Postmaster-General, 
the  Attorney  General,  and  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  of 
the  United  States. 

The  Chief-Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States. 

The  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  and  Judges  of  other  Federal  Courts. 

The  Governors  of  States,  taking  precedence  in  the 
order  of  admission  of  their  states  into  the  Union. 

The  official  representation  of  the  Senate  of  the  United 
States. 

The  official  representation  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives of  the  United  States* 

The  Governors  of  Territories  and  President  of  the 
Board  of   Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 


PROGRAMME. 


SS 


taking  precedence  in  the  order  of  establishment  of  their 
territorial  governments. 

The  Admiral  of  the  Navy;  General  Sherman  ;  the  Ma- 
jor-General  commanding  the  Army;  and  officers  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  who  by  name  have  received  the  thanks  of 
Congress. 

The  official  representation  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincin- 
nati. 

The  Chief  Judge  and  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals 
of  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  Presiding  Justice  and  Justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  Judges  of  other 
Courts  of  Record  within  the  City  of  New  York. 

The  Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

The  State  Officers  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Judges  and  Justices  of  other  Courts  in  the  City  of  New 
Y  rk. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Heads  of  Departments  in  the  City  of  New  York. 

Mayor  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn. 

The  Board  of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn. 

The  Foreign  Consuls  at  New  York,  and  officers  of  the 
Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States. 

Invited  guests,  without  special  order  of  precedence. 

The  distance  from  the  landing  at  the  foot  of  Wall  St. 
to  the  Equitab  e  Building  being  but  a  few  blocks,  the  pro- 
cession will  proceed  on  foot  from  the  landing  at  Wall  St. 
to  the  Equitable  Building,  carriages  being  only  provided 
for  the  President  and  his  immediate  party.  At  the  recep- 
tion in  the  Equitable  Building  the  President  with  his  Cab- 
inet, the  Governors  of  the  States,  the  Governor  of  the  State 
of  New  York  and  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York  will 
have  presented  to  them  the  guests  who  will  pass  and  bow 
to  the  President  and  party  without  shaking  hands  (as  was 
the  custom  at  the  reception  of  Washington  in  1789).  The 
reception  will  last  from  2  to  3:30  o'clock.  Admission  only 
by  Buff  ticket. 

IV.  From  4  to  5:30  o'clock  a  public  reception  will  be 
given  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  the  Govern- 
or's Room  in  the  City  Hall ;  the  President,  the  Governor 
of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  the  Mayor  of  the  City  of 
New  York  proceeding  under  military  e-cort. 

At  the  steps  of  the  City  Hall  a  representation  of  girls 
from  the  Public  Schools  will  assemble  and  welcome  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 

V.  In  the  evening  at  nine  o'clock  the  Centennial  Ball 
will  be  given  in  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House.  ",  he  fol- 
lowing is  the  programme  : 

The  Mayor  of  the  City  of  New  York,  as  host  and  as 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Centennial  Celebration 
of  the  Inauguration  of  George  Washington  as  President  of 
the  United  States,  to  arrive  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera 
House  at  a  quarter  past  ten  p.  m.  ,  and  at  half-past  ten  to 


receive  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  other  distin- 
guished  guests. 

The  President  to  be  brought  to  the  Ball  by  the  Chair- 
m  n  of  the  Committee  on  Entertainment,  acconipanicd  by 
the  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  and  Mrs.  Harri- 
son, the  Vice-President  and  Mrs.  Morton,  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  and  Mrs.  Jones. 

The  Manager  of  the  Ball  to  meet  the  President  at  his 
carriage  and  conduct  him  into  the  building,  where  the 
formal  reception  by  the  Mayor  will  take  place. 

After  t  e  reception  the  guests  above  named  will  be 
conducted  to  the  floor  in  the  following  order,  escorted 
by  a  guard  of  honor  : 

The  Mayor,  The  President,  The  Governor. 

The  Vice-President  and  Mrs.  Harrison. 
The  Lieutenant-Governor  and  Mrs.  Morton. 
The  President  of  the  General  Committee  and  Mrs.  Jones. 

In  front  of  the  President's  box  the  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Entertainment  will  present  to  the  President 
the  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Committee  on  Entertainment  and  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Plan  and  Scope. 

After  the  presentation,  the  opening  Quadrille  will  be 
formed  by  the  Manager  of  the  Ball. 

At  Midnight  the  President  and  party  will  be  escorted 
in  the  above  order  to  the  supper  room,  which  order  will 
be  observed  on  returning.  Th :  serving  of  wine  will  cease 
at  one  o'clock  a.m.,  in  compliance  with  the  law. 

Tuesday,  April  30th. 

VI.  Services  of  Thanksgiving,  pursuant  to  the  Proc- 
lamation of  the  President,  will  be  held  in  the  churches  in 
New  York  and  throughout  the  country  at  9  a.m.,  being 
the  hour  at  which  religious  services  were  held  in  New 
York  City  on  April  30th,  1789. 

VII.  A  special  service  of  thanksgiving  will  be  held  in 
St.  Paul's  Chapel  at  9  o'clock,  which  the  President  and 
other  distinguished  guests  will  attend.  This  service  will 
be  conducted  by  the  Right  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  Bishop  of  New  York,  as  the  service  on  the  day  of 
Washington's  Inauguration  in  1789  was  conducted  by  the 
Bishop  of  New  York,  the  Right  Rev.  Samuel  Provoost. 
Admission  only  by  Lavender  ticket. 

The  Committee  of  the  Vestry  of  Trinity  Church  will 
meet  the  President  at  the  Vesey  Street  gate  and  escort  him 
to  the  west  porch  of  the  chapel,  where  he  will  be  received 
by  th':  rector  and  the  full  vestry.  The  President  will  then 
be  escorted  to  the  Washington  pew,  and  on  his  with- 
drawal from  the  chapel  the  Vestry  will  escort  him  to  the 
west  porch,  where  he  will  be  received  by  the  Committee 
on  Literary  Exercises. 

The  services  at  St.  Paul's  Chapel  will  be  as  follows  : 

1.  Processional  Hymn. 

2.  Our  Father,  etc. 


96 


PROGRAMME. 


Psalm  lxxxr. 
4  First  Lesson,  Eeclcs.  xlir. 
5.  Te  Deum. 

(5.  Second  Lesson.  St.  John  viii. 

7.  Benedicite. 

8.  Creed  and  Prayers.  •  \ 

0.  Address  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Henry  C.  Potter,  Bishop 

of  New  York.  ^ 
10.  Recessional  Hymn. 

VIII.  At  the  close  of  the  religious  services,  at  9:45 
a.m.,  the  President  and  party  will  proceed  to  the  Sub- 
Treasury  Building,  at  the  corner  of  Wall  and  Nassau 
Streets,  the  scene  of  the  Inauguration  ceremony  on  April 
30th,  1789,  where  the  Literary  Exercises  will  take  place. 
These  exercises  will  begin  10  at  a.m.,  and  will  consist  of  an 
Invocation  by  the  Rev.  Richard  S.  Storrs,  D.D.,  LL.D.;  a 
Poem  by  John  Greenleaf  Whittier ;  an  Oration  by  Chaun- 
cey  Mitchell  Depew,  LL.D.;  an  Address  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  the  Benediction  by  the  Most  Rev. 
Michael  Augustine  Corrigan,  Archbishop  of  New  York. 

IX.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  Literary  Exercises  the 
President  and  members  of  the  Cabinet,  the  Chief-Justice 
and  Associate  Justices  of  the  United  States  will  be  driven 
to  the  Reviewing  Stand  at  Madison  Square  to  review  the 
parade.  Other  guests  will  be  carried  to  the  reviewing 
stands  by  a  special  train  on  the  Third  Avenue  Elevated 
Railroad,  which  will  start  at  Hanover  Square  and  run 
to  the  23d  Street  station. 

X.  While  the  Literary  Exercises  are  taking  place  the 
Military  will  move  from  the  head  of  Wall  Street  and 
Broadway.  The  Column,  under  Major-General  John  M. 
Schofield,  U.  S.  A.,  as  Chief  Marshal,  will  be  com- 
posed of  the  Cadets  from  the  Military  Academy  of 
West  Point,  the  Naval  Cadets  from  Annapolis,  the 
Troops  of  the  Regular  Army  and  Navy,  and  the  Na- 
tional Guard  of  each  State  in  the  order  in  which  the 
States  ratified  the  Constitution  or  were  admitted  into  the 
Union.  These  will  be  followed  by  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion  and  the  posts  of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic. 

XI.  The  route  of  the  procession  will  be  up  Broadway 
to  Waverly  Place,  through  Waverly  Place  to  Fifth  Ave- 


nue, thene  up  Fifth  Avenue  to  57111  Street.  The  Review- 
ing Stand  will  be  on  the  East  side  of  Fifth  Avenue  on  Mad- 
ison Square,  extending  from  23d  to  20th  Streets. 

The  other  stands  will  be  as  follows  : 

f.  On  the  West  side  of  Fifth  Avenue  from  24th  to 
25th  Streets. 

2.  On  the  West  side  of  Fifth  Avenue  from  40th  to  42d 

Streets. 

3.  On  the  North  side  of  Washington  Square. 

4.  On  the  East  side  of  Broadway  at  the  City  Hall  Park. 

XII.  The  Centennial  Banquet  will  take  place  at  the 
Metropolitan  Opera  House  at  6:30  p.m. 

XIII.  At  8  p.m.  there  will  be,  at  the  Reviewing  Stand, 
Madison  Square,  a  free  open-air  Concert  of  vocal  and  in- 
strumental music,  under  the  auspices  of  the  German 
Americans  of  New  York. 

XIV.  During  the  evening  there  will  be  a  general  illu- 
mination of  the  city  and  display  of  fireworks  in  the  fol- 
lowing  localities  : 

T  impkins  Square,  Canal  Street  Park,  Washington 
Square,  Union  Square,  59th  Street  and  Eighth  Avenue, 
Mount  Morris  Park,  East  River  Park  (80th  Street),  Wash- 
ington Heights,  and  places  in  the  Twenty-third  and  Twen- 
ty-fourth Wards  not  yet  determined. 

Wednesday,  May  1st. 

XV.  The  Industrial  and  Civic  Parade,  under  command 
of  Major-Gen.  Daniel  Buttertield,  late  U.  S.  Vols.,  Chief 
Marshal,  will  take  place.  The  line  of  march  will  be  from 
57th  Street  clown  Fifth  Avenue  to  Waverly  Place  ;  up 
Waverly  Place  to  Broadway:  and  down  Broadway  to  Canal 
Street.    The  procession  will  start  at  10  a.  m. 

Wednesday,  May  8th. 
Close  of  the  Loan  Exhibition  of  Historical  Portraits 
and  Relics  in  the  Assembly  Rooms  of  the  Metropolitan 
Opera  House. 

Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  and  persons  occupying 
official  positions  are  requested  to  appear  in  full  uniform. 


Deceased  Members  of  Committee  of  Two  Hundred  : 
— Thomas  W.  Chrtstie,  John  T.  Hoffman,  W.  Otis  Mon- 
roe, Gustav  Schwab,  Robert  E.  Livingston. 


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Wednesday,  April  17. 

Formal  Opening*  of  the  Loan  Exhibition  of  Historical  Portraits  in  the  Assembly 

Booms  of  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  a'  8:30  p.  M. 


Monday ,  April  29. 

Arrival  Of  President  and  Cabinet  at  11  a.  m.  at  Elizabethport,  where  they  will 

embark  for  the  foot  of  Wall  Street,  New  York  on  the  United  States  steamer  Despatch. 

Naval  Parade  of  United  States  ships-of-war,  steamboats  and  yachts,  from  Li  a. 

m.  till  2  P.  M. 

Reception  and  Luncheon  to  the  Presidential   party  in  the  Equitable 

Building,  from  2  to  3:30  p.  if. 

Public  Reception  in  the  Governor's  Room  in  the  City  Hall  from  4  to  5:30  P.  M. 
The  Centennial  Ball  at  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  at  9  p.  M. 


Tuesday,  April  30. 


Service  at  St.  Paul's  Church  at  9  a.  m. 

Literary  Exercises  at  the  Sub-Treasury  building- at  10  a.  M. 

Prayer— REV.  DR.  R.  S.  STORRS. 

Poem — JOHN  GREENLEAF  WHITTIER. 

Oration— CHAUNCEY  M.  DEPEW. 

Address— PRESIDENT  HARRISON. 

Benediction — ARCHBISHOP  CORRIGAN. 
Military  Parade,  under  the  command  of  Major-Gen.  JohnM.  Schofield,  U.  S.  A 
The  Banquet  will  be  given  in  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House  at  6:30  p.  it. 
Open  Air  Concert  at  the  Grand  Stand  on  Madison  Square. 


Wednesday,  May  1. 

The  Industrial  and  Civic  Parade  will  take  place. 


Wednesday,  May  S. 

Close  of  the  Loan  Exhibition. 


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